Tropical Fruits
Xuan Phong Huynh; Ngoc Thanh Nguyen; Minh Chau Luu; Thi Ngoc Bich Bui; Hoang Dang Long Bui; Bach Long Tran; Thi Kim Ngan Tran
Abstract
Purpose: King orange (Citrus reticulata × sinensis) is a fruit spices native to tropical and subtropical regions that holds significant economic and nutritional value and is widely consumed in daily life. The primary chemical constituents of king orange include flavonoids (such as hesperidin and ...
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Purpose: King orange (Citrus reticulata × sinensis) is a fruit spices native to tropical and subtropical regions that holds significant economic and nutritional value and is widely consumed in daily life. The primary chemical constituents of king orange include flavonoids (such as hesperidin and naringin), organic acids, vitamin C, and phenolic compounds. Due to its unique biological properties, nutritional benefits, and divers pharmacological effects, king orange is not only a widely consumed fruit but also a promising ingredient for developing natural functional foods, pharmaceuticals, and cosmetics. This study investigated the distribution of bioactive compounds and the antioxidant capacity in different tissues of king orange cultivated in four provinces of the Mekong Delta, Vietnam. Research Method: Physical characteristics of the fruit were analyzed, and phytochemical screening was performed identify secondary metabolites. Flavonoid and phenolic contents were quantified, and antioxidant activity was assessed using the DPPH assay. Findings: The fruits had thick, juicy flesh (42.4-51.2% w/w) and thin peel (27.2-35.2% w/w). Alkaloids, flavonoids, phenolics, and saponins were detected in both juice and peel extracts, while terpenoids were found only in the peel. The juice had the highest flavonoid and phenolic content, followed by flavedo and albedo extracts. Antioxidant activity was highest in the juice from "Can Tho" and in the peel extracts from "Vinh Long". Research limitations: No limitations were encountered. Originality/Value: Orange juice and peel are rich in bioactive compounds with antioxidant properties, highlighting their potential for health-promoting applications. Citrus reticulata is not only a widely consumed fruit but also a promising raw material for the development of natural functional food, pharmaceutical, and cosmetic products.
Postharvest Biology and Technology
Rivalanny Granny Baloyi; Tieho Paulus Mafeo; Nhlanhla Mathaba
Abstract
Purpose: This study investigated the effect of harvest time, postharvest dehydration + waxing and storage temperature on rind- free and conjugated phenolics and their ability to alleviate chilling injury and pitting of ‘Benny’ Valencia oranges during cold storage. Research method: Fruit were ...
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Purpose: This study investigated the effect of harvest time, postharvest dehydration + waxing and storage temperature on rind- free and conjugated phenolics and their ability to alleviate chilling injury and pitting of ‘Benny’ Valencia oranges during cold storage. Research method: Fruit were harvested at early, mid- and late season, and thereafter, divided into control, dehydrated, waxed + dehydrated portions. After treatment, fruit were stored at -0.6 and 4.5°C for 28 days, thereafter, 7 days at ambient temperature (25°C). Findings: In general, peel pitting index (PPI) was significantly higher for late season fruit, while, CI was higher for early season fruit, especially at -0.6°C storage. Furthermore, dehydration stress without waxing resulted in significantly higher PPI and CI at -0.6°C when compared with 4.5°C storage. With respect to both free and soluble conjugated phenolics, the control fruit showed higher levels of rind phenolics, especially at late harvest across all the storage temperatures. Therefore, untreated fruit appeared to tolerate cold stress by up-regulating endogenous systems of total rind phenolics. Postharvest dehydration repressed endogenous phenolics synthesis. In conclusion, susceptibility to pitting disorder increases with harvest time, dehydration stress, while fruit harvested early were highly susceptible to CI. Research limitations: The main limitation of this study is the lack of specific phenolics. Originality/Value: The study found that dehydration plus waxing has a significant effect on chilling and non-chilling citrus ‘Benny’ Valencia fruit. Furthermore, these treatments induced an increase in rind total phenolics to mitigate rind physiological disorders during extended cold storage.
Tropical Fruits
Aurelice Oliveira; Monica Maria Lopes; Kellina Oliveira de Souza; Luciana de Siqueira Oliveira; Carlos Farley Moura; Maria Raquel de Miranda
Abstract
Purpose: The objective of this work was to evaluate the effects of two systems of cultivation on the banana crop (Musa spp.) in the postharvest quality, bioactive compounds and phenylalanine ammonia-lyase during ripening process. Research method: Changes in physicochemical parameters, non-antioxidant, ...
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Purpose: The objective of this work was to evaluate the effects of two systems of cultivation on the banana crop (Musa spp.) in the postharvest quality, bioactive compounds and phenylalanine ammonia-lyase during ripening process. Research method: Changes in physicochemical parameters, non-antioxidant, phenylalanine ammonia lyase (PAL) activity and oxidative markers were evaluated in banana cv. Prata-Anã from organic and conventional systems at three ripening stages: unripe, breaker and ripe. Main findings: The weight of conventional fruit was 48% greater at the ripe stage. The fruit size was reduced in fruits from organic farming while titratable acidity and the soluble solids content were respectively 82% and 58% higher at breaker stage in conventional bananas. The organic bananas have an increase of 58% in the phenolics at the unripe stage. The PAL activity was observed throughout banana development from organic farming, however the same was not observed for the conventional farming. Dismutase superoxide activity was also dramatically higher in matures and ripe fruits from organic farming. The lipid peroxidation degree of the cell membrane was 40% higher in ripe bananas for both systems. Research limitations: No limitations were founded, since the methods were well established. Originality/Value: Our observations suggest that banana fruits presented little changes in the function of farming conditions with an accumulation of specific compounds in determined stages of ripening without remarkable difference among systems of cultivation.
