Plant Stress
Mehdi Khayyat; Mohammad Reza Vazifeshenas; Mohadeseh Akbari
Abstract
Purpose: Environmental stresses are a main disturbing factor influencing horticultural productivity around the world. It will affect all plants including resistant or non-resistant cultivars. So, it is important to find the better cultivars and to check the response to adverse environmental conditions. ...
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Purpose: Environmental stresses are a main disturbing factor influencing horticultural productivity around the world. It will affect all plants including resistant or non-resistant cultivars. So, it is important to find the better cultivars and to check the response to adverse environmental conditions. Research method: Thus, the present research was conducted to evaluate responses of different bearing status of pistachio cultivars including Kalleh-Ghochi (K), Ohadi (O) and Ahmad-Aghaii (A), grafted on Badami-Rize-Zarand as rootstock, for six consecutive years to soil salinity. Findings: ON-bearing trees of ‘Ahmad-Aghaii’ showed the highest yield, followed by ‘Ohadi’ and ‘Kalleh-Ghochi’. In addition, the lowest leaf temperature was observed with this cultivar. Although the highest nitrogen, sodium, carbohydrate, peroxidase and leaf temperature was obtained in ON-bearing trees, however, the lowest potassium and total phenol content indicated in OFF-bearing status. It was found a negative correlation between leaf potassium content and ABI, between leaf peroxidase activity and ABI and between leaf temperature and ABI. On the other hand, leaf temperature increased as leaf sodium content increased. Research limitations: There was no limitation. Originality/Value: From data presented here, it is concluded that salinity and Na accumulation might be effective in changing the response of the pistachio cultivar under harsh environmental conditions which affects yield component and alternate bearing index.
Olericulture
Saliou Diouf; Antoine Sambou; Alpha Cisse
Abstract
Purpose: Cucumbers are an important fruit vegetable consumed as a salad or cooked in the world. Among the most used and consumed cucumbers, there are domestic cucumbers (Cucumis sativus L.) and wild cucumbers (Cucumis metuliferus E.). Despite their importance, the agro-morphological characteristics of ...
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Purpose: Cucumbers are an important fruit vegetable consumed as a salad or cooked in the world. Among the most used and consumed cucumbers, there are domestic cucumbers (Cucumis sativus L.) and wild cucumbers (Cucumis metuliferus E.). Despite their importance, the agro-morphological characteristics of cucumbers were not well known. The objective of this research was to assess the agro-morphological characteristics of four varieties of cucumber (green and white C. sativus, bitter and non-bitter C. metuliferus). Research method: A cultivation trial of these cucumber varieties was carried out in Randomised Complete Block Design with four replications at the application farm of the Agroforestry Department Assane Seck University of Ziguinchor, Senegal. Different parameters of growth leave chlorophyll content, 50% flowering days, and yield were studied. Findings: The analysis of variance of growth parameters, chlorophyll content, 50% flowering days, and yield parameters between varieties showed significant variation. The variety green C. sativus was distinguished from the other varieties by better vegetative growth and leaves chlorophyll content (46.91±10.04 SPAD value) and early flowering (29.75±0.5 days). In terms of germination rate, weight, and circumference of fruits, the variety white C. metuliferus recorded higher values with 96±2%, 468.25±99.28 g, and 23.85±2.98cm respectively. Thus, the two wild cucumber varieties (bitter and non-bitter) showed relatively low values on most of the parameters except in terms of the number of ramifications and leaves. Leaves chlorophyll content varied significantly according to the period of the day and the status of leaf development. The higher chlorophyll content was recorded in the noon (44.76±9.45 SPAD value) and old leaves (44.49±7.09 SPAD value). Research limitations: Further genotypic and nutritional characterizations were required for a better understanding of the difference between cucumbers. Originality/Value: The results showed great variability between the varieties studied for all the morphological, phenological, physiological, and yield characteristics.
Plant Breeding and Biotechnology
Zahra Abasi; Abdosattar Darabi; Emad Shahmansouri
Abstract
Purpose: In the first stage to produce open pollinated and hybrid onion cultivars, identification of compatible genotypes as breeding base populations with the climatic conditions is of special importance. Thus, this research was performed to evaluate short day onion hybrids and achieve a breeding base ...
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Purpose: In the first stage to produce open pollinated and hybrid onion cultivars, identification of compatible genotypes as breeding base populations with the climatic conditions is of special importance. Thus, this research was performed to evaluate short day onion hybrids and achieve a breeding base population by identifying the best genotypes in terms of quantity and quality traits and also for studying the reaction of genotypes to the climatic conditions of Isfahan and Khuzestan. Research method: Fifteen onion genotypes were evaluated as complete block design with three replications in two locations (Isfahan and Khuzestan) under field condition during the 2017-2018 growing season. The traits evaluated included: bulb yield, average bulb weight, dry matter content, total soluble solids, and weight loss. Findings: According to the results of Isfahan location, Savannah Sweet and Saba hybrids had the highest bulb yield (42.72 t/ha and 41.05 t/ha, respectively) and Vania hybrid with high significant different (p< 0.05) was showed the lowest bulb yield (19.77 t/ha). In Khuzestan location, SV6326, Saba and Savannah Sweet for bulb yield (92.38, 89.71 and 89.14 t/ha, respectively) were recognized as super hybrids, in contrast, hybrids: Early Super Select, Behbahan improved population, Super Perfect, Sahar and Vania, were considered as weak hybrids (bulb yields<60 t/ha). In terms of quality traits, Behbahan improved population with 18.84% and 14.75% of total soluble solids as well as 19.52% and 15.77% of dry matter content in Isfahan and Khuzestan locations had significant difference from the other hybrids. Saba hybrid was identified as high bulb yield with low weight loss hybrid, Vania hybrid recognized as low bulb yield and the Savannah Sweet was identified as high yield with high weight loss in two experiments. Research limitations: Further work could be done with other commercial short day onion hybrids. Originality/Value: These genotypes can be used as parental material in the quantity and quality improvement of bulb onion. In future breeding programmes, emphasis should be given to Saba hybrid for producing high bulb yield and best quality onion variety.
Pomology
Maryam Tatari; Daryoush Atashkar; Ayoubali Ghasemi
Abstract
Purpose: Selection and evaluation of imported cultivars is one of the main programs for the breeding of fruit trees, including pears. Comparison of quantitative and qualitative traits of imported cultivars and genotypes with available cultivars of each region is necessary to obtain superior cultivars ...
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Purpose: Selection and evaluation of imported cultivars is one of the main programs for the breeding of fruit trees, including pears. Comparison of quantitative and qualitative traits of imported cultivars and genotypes with available cultivars of each region is necessary to obtain superior cultivars and introduce them to producers. Research method: In this study, the growth and yield of 10 introduced Asian pear genotypes named Ks6, Ks7, Ks8, Ks9, Ks10, Ks12, Ks13 and Ks14 along with two European pear cultivars named 'Shahmiveh' and 'Spadona' as controls grafting on 'Dargazi' seedling rootstock were studied during five years (2015-2019) in the climatic conditions of Isfahan (Iran). Findings: The highest rootstock, grafting, and scion diameter as well as the highest tree height were observed in 'Shahmiveh' and 'Espadona' cultivars. Ks8 and Ks9 had the lowest rootstock and grafting diameter and Ks10 showed the lowest scion diameter and tree height. Two European pear cultivars, 'Shahmiveh' and 'Espadona', had lower yield and yield efficiency than Asian genotypes. The highest yield and yield efficiency belonged to Ks13 and Ks8, respectively. 'Shahmiveh' and Ks9 had the highest and lowest fruit dimensions, respectively. European cultivars had higher TSS than Asian genotypes. The highest and the lowest fruit firmness were observed in Ks13 and 'Shahmiveh', respectively. Research limitations: No limitations were found. Originality/Value: In general, Ks13 and Ks8 are recommended for cultivation and expansion in the climatic conditions of Isfahan due to their good yield and taste index.
Plant Nutrition
Tuhin Suvra Roy; Naiem Imtiaz; Rajesh Chakraborty; Bimal Chandra Kundu; Eti Chakraborty
Abstract
Purpose: Produced tubers with inferior quality are the main bottleneck for exporting surplus amount of potato to the importing countries. Applying nitrogen as prilled and super granule urea along with biochar may improve the yield and processing quality of potato. To generalize a partial solution, the ...
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Purpose: Produced tubers with inferior quality are the main bottleneck for exporting surplus amount of potato to the importing countries. Applying nitrogen as prilled and super granule urea along with biochar may improve the yield and processing quality of potato. To generalize a partial solution, the study was conducted to find out the efficiencies of N forms and biochar towards the improvement of the processing quality of potato for export. Research Method: The experiment comprised two factors. Factor A: Nitrogen form (2): Prilled Urea (Up) and Urea Super Granule (US), and Factor B: Biochar level (6): B0-Control, B1- 2 t/ha, B2- 4 t/ha, B3- 6 t/ha, B4-8 t/ha, and B5- 10 t/ha. The experiment was laid out in a split-plot design with three replications. Findings: Nitrogen form and/or biochar levels had shown significant influence on most of the parameters. The maximum tuber yield of potato (37.9 t ha-1) was observed from UsB5 which was statistically similar to UsB4. The maximum dry matter content of tuber (21.8 %) and specific gravity of potato (1.098 g/ml) were observed from UsB4. So, it may be concluded that the application of urea super granule (US) plus biochar B4 (8 t/ha) was found best combination for maintaining optimum yield and better processing quality of potato. Research limitations: No limitations to report. Originality/Value: Application of biochar improved the soil organic carbon status (data not shown) and exhibited better potato yield and qualities. Urea super granules (USG) are much economic and environmental friendly over prilled urea.
Pomology
Ahmad Ahmadpoor; Meysam Salari; Seied Mehdi Miri
Abstract
Purpose: This study was undertaken to investigate the effects of pruning and girdling on yield, fruit size and quality of ‘Kinnow’ mandarin (Citrus reticulate Blanco) trees during two seasons. Research method: The treatments included: control (unpruned and ungirdled trees), light pruning ...
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Purpose: This study was undertaken to investigate the effects of pruning and girdling on yield, fruit size and quality of ‘Kinnow’ mandarin (Citrus reticulate Blanco) trees during two seasons. Research method: The treatments included: control (unpruned and ungirdled trees), light pruning (removal 10% of 15-20 cm branches), intense pruning (removal 20% of 15-20 cm branches), girdling (removal 5 mm trunk bark), light pruning + girdling, and intense pruning + girdling. The treatments were applied in on-years (2016 and 2018) and traits were measured in following season. Findings: Light pruning increased yield and fruit number by 170.4% and 191.5%, respectively, while fruit weight and volume slightly decreased by 7.2% and 12.4%%, respectively, compared to control. Fruit dimensions and, TSS and TA of fruit juice were not affected by treatments. However, TSS/TA ratio was significantly declined in both pruning treatments. In addition, vitamin C content of fruits decreased in pruned trees and light pruned + girdled trees compare to control. The yield was positively correlated with fruit number and negatively with fruit weight, fruit volume and vitamin C content. Limitations: Despite these findings, more research is needed to identify mechanisms of pruning and girdling on alternative bearing in citrus. Originality/Value: These results suggested that pruning alone or plus girdling of ‘Kinnow’ mandarin trees reduce competition for nutrients and induce accumulation of carbohydrates in branches, which enhanced yield of the next season.
Plant Breeding and Biotechnology
Somara Kabir Ima; A. K. M. Aminul Islam; Md. Golam Rasul; Jalal Uddin Ahmed
Abstract
Purpose: Twenty genotypes of okra including hybrids and open pollinated varieties both from local and exotic sources were evaluated in the field to study their yield performance and disease response. Research method: Experiment was conducted following randomized complete block design with three replications. ...
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Purpose: Twenty genotypes of okra including hybrids and open pollinated varieties both from local and exotic sources were evaluated in the field to study their yield performance and disease response. Research method: Experiment was conducted following randomized complete block design with three replications. Findings: Analysis of variance indicates significant variation among the okra cultivars for all the characters’ studied except days to first germination. The highest number of fruits per plant (19.98) and maximum yield of green fruits per plant (279.59 g) and maximum yield (1.33 kg/m2) was obtained in the genotype G4 (F1-hybrid) followed by G7 and G18. The maximum edible fruit length was observed in G7 followed by G19 and G15. The maximum number of seeds perfruit was recorded in G4.The highest 100-seed weight was found in G4 followed by G17. On the contrary, the lowest seeds per fruit, 100-seed weight, and green fruit yield per plant were obtained from G6. The highest incidence of yellow vein mosaic virus (YVMV) was observed in the genotype G6 and the lowest in the genotype G19 followed by G8, G2, G4, G17 andG12. The cluster analysis grouped 20 genotypes into five cluster and maximum number of genotypes included in cluster 5. Strong positive correlation was observed between yield per plant and days to 50% germination, germination percentage, number of seeds per fruits and 100-seed weight (g). Limitations: No significant limitation to the report. Originality/Value: The results help to identify the suitable okra genotypes and generate breeding materials.
Plant Nutrition
Isam Al-madhagi
Abstract
Purpose: Cucumber is a very sensitive plant even under standard conditions, and its fruit, reaches the harvest stage rapidly. In addition to, in Yemen a lot of fertilizer and fungicide chemical have used during the production. For this purpose, effect of exogenously applied of bio-stimulators (humic ...
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Purpose: Cucumber is a very sensitive plant even under standard conditions, and its fruit, reaches the harvest stage rapidly. In addition to, in Yemen a lot of fertilizer and fungicide chemical have used during the production. For this purpose, effect of exogenously applied of bio-stimulators (humic acid and yeast) was examined. Research method: Cucumber HATEM F1 Cultivar was used as plant material. Plants were grown during the clean horticulture practices under polyethylene greenhouse condition. The experiment designed as completely randomized blocks design (RCBD). Humic acid at 0, 100 and 300 mg L-1, as well as yeast at 0, 2000 and 4000 mg L-1, sprayed once alone or in combination. Findings: As compared to control, humic at 100 mg L-1 alone increased the yield about 14.88%. Yeast at 4000 mg L-1 alone offered the significantly (P≤0.05) highest of the plant (88.2%) and higher yield (91.00%). Yeast at 2000 mg L-1 significantly increased leaves DM% (26.6%). Yeast significantly increases chlorophyll SPAD. The interaction of 100 humic × 4000 mg L-1 of yeast increased the yield by 168.26% than the control. Research limitations: Further studies were needed to clarify the interaction effect of both substances by using the higher modern technique. Originality/Value: The finding obtained from this study could probably use to manage and successfully applied to the production of organic cucumber. Moreover, it could be suggested that the combination between yeast at 4000 mg L-1 and humic at 100 mg L-1 is the best for the productivity of cucumber.
Greenhouse Production
Nazila Khanbabaloo; Hanifeh Seyed hajizadeh; Farhad Behtash
Abstract
Todays, contamination of agricultural soils by different ways of salinity is increasing as a result of human and environmental factors that would reduce yield and quality of agricultural crops. However, there are some plants that can tolerate some degrees of salinity. Tomato is one of the horticultural ...
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Todays, contamination of agricultural soils by different ways of salinity is increasing as a result of human and environmental factors that would reduce yield and quality of agricultural crops. However, there are some plants that can tolerate some degrees of salinity. Tomato is one of the horticultural crops, moderately sensitive to salinity even that salinity can improve its quality. So, a study was conducted using four varieties of tomato under normal and salt stress (3, 6 and 9 dS m-1) hydroponic conditions to evaluate tomato quality. The results showed that increasing in salinity improves the quality and taste of tomato with a reduction in pericarp thickness, fresh weight and total protein. However, when the degree of salinity exceeds 6 dS m-1, a significant difference was observed in fruit yield which was variety dependent. Also, there is a significant difference between salt tolerance, performance, and taste of different varieties. Furthermore, it is found that the activity of guaiacol peroxidase and catalase enzymes increased as well as an increase in the level of salinity. Tomato cv. Super Chief with the highest number of fruits per plant, high level of proline as well as catalase activity, has the best performance against salinity levels of soil and was more resistant to salinity than other varieties. Also, tomato ‘Super Chief’ had the highest taste index with a slightly decline in the yield. Salt stress tomatoes have more carotenoid than controls but the level of 9 dS m-1 salinity was not tolerable by all varieties.
