Plant Nutrition
Hassan Bayat; Mohammad Javad Vahidi; Abdulghiyas Radan
Abstract
Purpose: This study investigates the enhancing growth and flowering traits of petunia (Petunia hybrida L.) through the application of biochar and vermicompost. Research Method: The experiment employed a completely randomized design with four replications in a greenhouse setting during the years of 2022-2023. ...
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Purpose: This study investigates the enhancing growth and flowering traits of petunia (Petunia hybrida L.) through the application of biochar and vermicompost. Research Method: The experiment employed a completely randomized design with four replications in a greenhouse setting during the years of 2022-2023. The experimental treatments comprised the control group (without vermicompost and biochar), vermicompost at 5% by weight, jujube biochar at 2% by weight, or combination of vermicompost with biochar. Findings: Results revealed that the application of vermicompost significantly increased the dry weight of root, shoot, and total biomass by 23%, 51%, and 46%, respectively, compared to the control. Additionally, the vermicompost treatment yielded the highest number of leaves and plant height, while the biochar treatment resulted in the maximum number of flowers per plant. The durability of flowers on the plant varied, with biochar treatment exhibiting the highest durability (6.75 days) while control treatment gave the lowest durability (4.75 days). Biochar-treated plants also displayed the highest levels of total chlorophyll and relative water content in the leaves, exhibiting increases of 29% and 14%, respectively, compared to the control. Leaf nutrient content demonstrated significant changes, with the biochar + vermicompost treatment exhibiting the highest nitrogen and potassium content, demonstrating a 34% and 19% increase, respectively, compared to the control. Research limitations: No limitations were identified. Originality/Value: In summary, the findings underscore the positive influence of biochar and vermicompost fertilizers on the growth, ornamental features, and physiological characteristics of petunia. Notably, biochar demonstrated superior effectiveness in enhancing ornamental parameters compared to vermicompost. Biochar and vermicompost can be used as organic fertilizers to reduce the use of chemical fertilizers and increase the production and yield of petunia plant.
Plant Nutrition
Abbas Mirsoleimani; Mahdi Najafi-Ghiri; Hamid-Reza Boostani; Hossein Heydari
Abstract
Purpose: It is believed that wood vinegar (WV) can improve soil nutrient availability and uptake, thereby improving plant growth and development. In this study we investigate the effect of WV on the availability of macro- and micro elements in the soil and the uptake, translocation and efficiency of ...
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Purpose: It is believed that wood vinegar (WV) can improve soil nutrient availability and uptake, thereby improving plant growth and development. In this study we investigate the effect of WV on the availability of macro- and micro elements in the soil and the uptake, translocation and efficiency of these elements in seedlings of sour orange (SO) and Mexican lime (ML) as well as on plant growth. Research method: The applied WV (1 and 2%) (v/v) was added to the irrigation water at intervals of 3, 6, 9 and 12 weeks after planting. Findings: The results showed that the use of WV at both concentrations reduced the phosphorous (P) and potassium (K) concentration in the leaves of ML, reduced the percentage of calcium (Ca) uptake and efficiency of copper (Cu) in SO and increased the iron (Fe) in ML root (1150 to 1320 mg kg-1 DW). Although 1% WV increased soil availability of Ca, sodium (Na), zinc (Zn) and manganese (Mn) and thus decreased root K/Na and Ca/Na, WV 2% improved Mn and K availability but decreased Ca in the soil solution. Application of 1 and 2% WV reduced root dry weight by 16.1 and 12.9% in SO seedling, respectively and in ML seedlings 2% WV reduced total chlorophyll and leaf greenness. Research limitations: No limitations were found. Originality/Value: The results showed that although the addition of WV to the soil can reduce the pH and thereby increase the availability of some elements such as K and Mn, the increase in EC prevents the effective absorption and translocation of elements and thus plant growth such as root dry weight and greenness.
Plant Nutrition
Ahmad Ahmadian; Nazanin Nazari; Yaser Esmaeilian
Abstract
Purpose: The aim of this study was to determine the response of saffron (Crocus sativus L.) to nutrient resources and maternal corm weights. Research method: The experiment was conducted as a split-plot based on a randomized complete block design with three replications. The main plots included four ...
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Purpose: The aim of this study was to determine the response of saffron (Crocus sativus L.) to nutrient resources and maternal corm weights. Research method: The experiment was conducted as a split-plot based on a randomized complete block design with three replications. The main plots included four integrated nutrition programs (NP0: control (without fertilization); NP1: cow manure, amino acids, humic acid; NP2: slaughterhouse waste, mono-potassium phosphate, humic acid, mix (macro-micro) fertilizer; and NP3: poultry manure, ammonium nitrate, humic acid, amino acid, hormone biofertilizer, NP fertilizer, micronutrients) and the subplots included three maternal corm weights (CW1: 4-8, CW2: 8-12, and CW3: 12-16 g). Findings: The difference between the experimental treatments in terms of the effect on the studied traits of saffron was more significant in the second year than in the first year of the experiment. The NP3 treatment resulted in the highest values of the flower number (85.6), fresh and dry flower yield (28.21 and 5.48 g m-2, respectively), and fresh and dry stigma yield (3.35 and 0.67 g m-2, respectively). Also, planting the heaviest corms led to the highest values of the mentioned traits (79.9, 24.57, 4.85, 2.90, and 0.58 g m-2, respectively). The highest value of corm number (312.1), corm diameter (4.27 cm), corm weight (6.86 g), and corm yield (1562.4 g m-2) belonged to the NP3 treatment. The CW3 treatment obtained the highest values of the mentioned traits (322.7, 3.72 cm, 6.87 g, and 1476.5 g m-2, respectively). Furthermore, the highest dry stigma water productivity (1.942 g m-3) and corm water productivity (4.45 kg m-3) were found under the NP3 treatment. Also, the highest value of the mentioned traits (1.681 g m-3 and 4.18 kg m-3, respectively) was recorded in the CW3 treatment. Research limitations: No limitations were identified. Originality/Value: The results of this research clearly show the profound importance of the characteristics of the maternal corms and the integrated nutrition in changes in saffron yield. Overall, we conclude that the NP3CW3 treatment is the best treatment for obtaining the highest values of saffron flower and corm indices as well as the stigma and corm water productivity.
Plant Nutrition
Mohammad Hossein Aminifard; Abbas Jorkesh; Hamide Fatemi; Samane Mohammadi
Abstract
Purpose: This experiment was carried out to examine the impacts of glycine betaine (GB) and methionine (Met) on basil plants' biochemical and morphological traits in two experiments under greenhouse conditions at Guilan University, Iran. Research method: Two completely randomized plans were used for ...
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Purpose: This experiment was carried out to examine the impacts of glycine betaine (GB) and methionine (Met) on basil plants' biochemical and morphological traits in two experiments under greenhouse conditions at Guilan University, Iran. Research method: Two completely randomized plans were used for the experiment, each involving three replications. The experiment factors during the first experiment were various amounts of GB (0, 50, 100, and 150 mg. L-1), and in the second experiment, we utilized four Met quantities (0, 50, 100, and 150 mg L-1). Findings: The results showed that GB utilized at 150 mg L-1 led to the maximum leaf fresh and dry weight, stem dry weight, chlorophyll a, chlorophyll b, total antioxidants, and leaf calcium and nitrogen content. The treatments with GB had a 1000 seed weight higher than the control. According to the results, leaf fresh and dry weight, root dry weight, and chlorophyll a and b in control were significantly higher than other Met treatments. Root fresh weight and the florets number per plant in control and 50 mg L-1 Met were significantly higher than in other treatments. Besides, the 50 mg L-1 Met treatments resulted in higher total phenol, antioxidants, and leaf phosphorus content than the control. Research limitations: No limitations were found. Originality/Value: The findings of this experiment demonstrate that the use of Met in greenhouse conditions does not have significant effects on basil plants, but GB has significant effects.
Plant Nutrition
Tanko Bako; Iliyasu Zubairu Ali; Junaid Aminu
Abstract
Purpose: A field experiment was designed to determine the effects of compost tea on the quality parameters of sweet corn produced without the use of mineral fertilizers. Research method: This research was conducted in the Taraba State University Teaching and Research Farm, Jalingo, Nigeria in 2023. The ...
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Purpose: A field experiment was designed to determine the effects of compost tea on the quality parameters of sweet corn produced without the use of mineral fertilizers. Research method: This research was conducted in the Taraba State University Teaching and Research Farm, Jalingo, Nigeria in 2023. The fertilizer treatments in this study were 500kg ha-1 NPK fertilizer (Control), 1 kg compost per 10 L water compost tea, 1 kg compost per 20 L water compost tea and 1 kg compost per 30 L water compost tea, arranged in Randomized Complete Block Design, replicated thrice. Findings: The results indicated that the treatments had significant (P ≤ 0.05) effects on the physical, chemical and sensory characteristics of the sweet corn evaluated. The mineral (NPK) fertilizer treatment gave highest mean total soluble sugar content (33.13 mg g-1), followed by 1 kg compost per 10 L water compost tea (33.10 mg g-1), then 1 kg compost per 20 L water compost tea (31.72 mg g-1) and 1 kg compost per 30 L water compost tea gave the lowest total soluble sugar content (29.88 mg g-1). Yet, the effects of 1 kg compost per 10 L water compost tea treatment and mineral (NPK) fertilizer treatment were the same (p > 0.05). Research limitations: There were no limitations to the report. Originality/Value: This study illustrated the possibility of utilizing 1 kg compost per 10 L water compost tea concentration to produce a good yield and quality of sweet corn without mineral fertilizers.
Plant Nutrition
Mahshid Ghafouri; Farhang Razavi; Masoud Arghavani; Ebrahim Abedi Gheshlaghi
Abstract
Purpose: The application of natural organic compounds without harmful environmental effects in the production of horticultural and agricultural products is considered as a new method to reduce waste before and after harvesting, increase the storage life and maintain antioxidant activity in developed ...
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Purpose: The application of natural organic compounds without harmful environmental effects in the production of horticultural and agricultural products is considered as a new method to reduce waste before and after harvesting, increase the storage life and maintain antioxidant activity in developed agriculture. As regards, this study investigated the impact of foliar applications of brown macroalga extract on antioxidant enzyme activity and mineral uptake in 'Hayward' kiwifruits. Research method: Four treatment levels of brown macroalga extract (0, 1, 2, and 3 g/L) were applied at three distinct phases, occurring 110, 125, and 140 days after full bloom. Fruit samples were stored at 1±0.5°C with 95% relative humidity for 90 days, with measurements taken every 30 days. Findings: Results revealed that the 3 g/L extract treatment significantly increased the uptake of calcium (47.82 %), nitrogen (20.52 %), potassium (12.06 %), phosphorus (19.81 %), and iron (25.77 %) compared to the control. The extract demonstrated a substantial effect on all recorded traits. Among the applied treatments, 3 g/L of brown macroalga extract concentration had the best effect in reducing electrolyte leakage (25.10%), malondialdehyde accumulation (96.73%), hydrogen peroxide content (54.54%) and increasing activities of antioxidant enzymes including superoxide dismutase (50.42%), catalase (84.90%), ascorbate peroxidase (79.02%), and peroxidase (49.40%) compared to the control in 90 days of storage. Research limitations: No limitations were found. Originality/Value: The results suggest that the 3 g/L brown macroalga extract concentration holds promise for enhancing the quality of 'Hayward' kiwifruits.
Plant Nutrition
Farhad Azarmi-Atajan; Mohammad Hassan Sayyari-Zohan; Abdollah Mirzaei
Abstract
Purpose: Irrigation with saline water and poor quality and fertility of the soil are the most important factors limiting the growth, establishment, and yield of pistachio trees in many pistachio farming areas of Iran. In addition, phosphorus plays an important role in plant growth, especially under environmental ...
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Purpose: Irrigation with saline water and poor quality and fertility of the soil are the most important factors limiting the growth, establishment, and yield of pistachio trees in many pistachio farming areas of Iran. In addition, phosphorus plays an important role in plant growth, especially under environmental stress conditions. Thus, the purpose of this experiment is to investigate the role of P use in improving the growth of pistachio seedlings at different levels of irrigation water salinity. Research method: A greenhouse study was conducted as a factorial combination based on a completely randomized design with three replications. The treatments include two levels of P [Control (P0) and 30 mg kg-1 soil (P1) as triple superphosphate] and three levels of irrigation water salinity (0, 5, and 10 dS m-1). Findings: Irrigation with saline water (10 dS.m-1) significantly decreased the shoot dry weight (94%), root dry weight (64%), leaf area (62%), plant height (35%), shoot and root P content (41% and 52%), shoot K content (40%) and shoot and root K/Na (85% and 28%) of pistachio seedlings. However, P application increased the growth parameters and the concentration of P and K elements in the pistachio seedlings shoot and root under water salinity stress. Research limitations: No limitations were encountered. Originality/Value: According to the results of this experiment, phosphorus application increased the growth of pistachio seedlings in saline condition. Therefore, according to soil and water salinity in pistachio farming areas of Iran, optimal nutrition with nutrients such as P can increase the tolerance of pistachio seedlings to salinity stress and their establishment.
Plant Nutrition
Hassan Bayat; Basireh Shahraki; Mohammad Hossein Aminifard; Farhad Azarmi-Atajan
Abstract
Purpose: In order to assay the impact of silicon (Si) and nano-Si on morphological and physiological traits of pot marigold (Calendula officinalis L.) under salt stress conditions, an experiment was conducted under greenhouse and field conditions. Research Method: The experiment was based on a completely ...
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Purpose: In order to assay the impact of silicon (Si) and nano-Si on morphological and physiological traits of pot marigold (Calendula officinalis L.) under salt stress conditions, an experiment was conducted under greenhouse and field conditions. Research Method: The experiment was based on a completely randomized design including two levels of saline water (1.1 (control) and 6.1 dS m-1) and three levels of foliar spray (0, 2.5 mM Si and nano-Si) with 4 replications. Findings: Salinity stress decreased the vegetative and flowering parameters of pot marigold in the both conditions. Supplemental Si and nano-Si increased the dry weight of flowers under salt stress in the greenhouse (47 and 71%) and field (86 and 94%) conditions, respectively. Foliar application of nano-Si enhanced the flower total phenols of salt-stressed plants by 76% (greenhouse) and 50% (field), respectively. Under saline conditions, the use of nano-Si increased the flower antioxidant activity in the field by 17% in comparison to the control. Supplemental Si and nano-Si could reduce the negative impacts of salinity through increasing enzymatic and non-enzymatic antioxidants, accumulating soluble sugars, improving water relations, and enhancing chlorophyll content. Research limitations: No limitations were found. Originality/value: Based on the results of present study, the use of Si and nano-Si improved the growth and physiological characteristics of pot marigold under saline conditions.
Plant Nutrition
Soumaya Dbara; Samia Abboud; Amani Bchir
Abstract
Purpose: Nowadays with the precipitation scarcity induced by climate change, the use of non-conventional water resources in irrigation is needed such as saline water. The irrigation of salt tolerance species like olive could be adopted with potassium foliar spray. In this work we present how olive plants ...
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Purpose: Nowadays with the precipitation scarcity induced by climate change, the use of non-conventional water resources in irrigation is needed such as saline water. The irrigation of salt tolerance species like olive could be adopted with potassium foliar spray. In this work we present how olive plants modulate sodium potassium balance and metabolism to mitigate salt stress. Research method: A pot experiment was conducted to assess how potassium nitrate modify Na/K ratio and biochemical compounds in olive plants. One-year-old olive plants (cv Chemlali) irrigated with a saline water (10g/L) were subjected to three treatments: K0, K1 and K2 (0, 1 and 2% of potassium nitrate foliar spray, respectively). Findings: Results showed differences between treatments. The mineral composition particularly the sodium and potassium content of leaves and roots revealed that the K1 and K2 treatments slightly increased K/Na in leaves and decreased in roots. Moreover, the salt stress was moderate through the osmotic adjustment. The accumulation of osmolytes (proline and soluble sugars) decreased by k1 and K2 treatments. Secondry metabolites (phenols) showed an increase by K1 and K2. Lipid peroxydation was also reduced by treatments especially in young leaves and then increased. In conclusion, potassium can be recommended in order to mitigate the harmful effects of salinity. Research limitations: No limitations were founded. Originality/Value: In the condition of current water scarcity the saline water could be used with potassium application.
Plant Nutrition
Sally Wilkinson; Jolyon Dodgson; Anna K Weston; David J Marks
Abstract
Purpose: Excessive nitrogen use for crop production leads to environmental damage, so nitrogen use efficiency (NUE) needs to be improved. Stabilized amine nitrogen (SAN) (Lono, Levity Crop Science) has been shown to increase quality and yield of several crops. This work assesses the use of SAN for tomato ...
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Purpose: Excessive nitrogen use for crop production leads to environmental damage, so nitrogen use efficiency (NUE) needs to be improved. Stabilized amine nitrogen (SAN) (Lono, Levity Crop Science) has been shown to increase quality and yield of several crops. This work assesses the use of SAN for tomato production. Research method: SAN was applied to experimentally and commercially grown tomato plants and compared to several industry standard forms of nitrogen. Plant growth characters and yield were recorded. Findings: SAN was compared to an industry standard (IS) nitrogen fertilizer, and it significantly increased the harvested yield due to significant increases in fruit on trusses M3, M4 and lateral shoots. SAN was compared to several conventional IS fertilizers resulting in significantly increased chlorophyll levels, fruit-bearing trusses and an increased yield, but there was a shorter growth habit suggesting more energy was put towards fruit production and less to vegetative growth. Finally, SAN was applied to commercial processing tomato (variety HZ1662) production where there was a significant increase in the perfect red fruit when compared to the standard nitrogen application regime. Research limitations: Further work could be done with other commercial tomato crops. Originality/Value: Results from glasshouse experiments and commercial production show that SAN increases the yield of tomato (Solanum lycopersicum) when compared to IS nitrogen applications.
Plant Nutrition
Tuhin Suvra Roy; Naiem Imtiaz; Rajesh Chakraborty; Bimal Chandra Kundu; Eti Chakraborty
Abstract
Purpose: Produced tubers with inferior quality are the main bottleneck for exporting surplus amount of potato to the importing countries. Applying nitrogen as prilled and super granule urea along with biochar may improve the yield and processing quality of potato. To generalize a partial solution, the ...
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Purpose: Produced tubers with inferior quality are the main bottleneck for exporting surplus amount of potato to the importing countries. Applying nitrogen as prilled and super granule urea along with biochar may improve the yield and processing quality of potato. To generalize a partial solution, the study was conducted to find out the efficiencies of N forms and biochar towards the improvement of the processing quality of potato for export. Research Method: The experiment comprised two factors. Factor A: Nitrogen form (2): Prilled Urea (Up) and Urea Super Granule (US), and Factor B: Biochar level (6): B0-Control, B1- 2 t/ha, B2- 4 t/ha, B3- 6 t/ha, B4-8 t/ha, and B5- 10 t/ha. The experiment was laid out in a split-plot design with three replications. Findings: Nitrogen form and/or biochar levels had shown significant influence on most of the parameters. The maximum tuber yield of potato (37.9 t ha-1) was observed from UsB5 which was statistically similar to UsB4. The maximum dry matter content of tuber (21.8 %) and specific gravity of potato (1.098 g/ml) were observed from UsB4. So, it may be concluded that the application of urea super granule (US) plus biochar B4 (8 t/ha) was found best combination for maintaining optimum yield and better processing quality of potato. Research limitations: No limitations to report. Originality/Value: Application of biochar improved the soil organic carbon status (data not shown) and exhibited better potato yield and qualities. Urea super granules (USG) are much economic and environmental friendly over prilled urea.
Plant Nutrition
Farhad Azarmi-Atajan; Mohammad Hassan Sayyari-Zohan
Abstract
Purpose: Considering the role of nutrient supply in plant growth, the effect of single and simultaneous application of triple superphosphate (TSP) and phosphate solubilizing bacteria (PSB) on the growth and phosphorus uptake of pistachio seedlings were investigated. Research method: A study was conducted ...
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Purpose: Considering the role of nutrient supply in plant growth, the effect of single and simultaneous application of triple superphosphate (TSP) and phosphate solubilizing bacteria (PSB) on the growth and phosphorus uptake of pistachio seedlings were investigated. Research method: A study was conducted as a factorial experiment based on a completely randomized design with three replications under greenhouse conditions. The treatments include three levels of PSB [Control (PSB0), Pseudomonsa sp. (PSB1) and Pseudomonas fluoresens (PSB2)] and three levels of P [Control (P0), 15 mg P kg-1 soil (P1) and 30 mg P kg-1 soil (P2) as triple superphosphate]. Findings: the results indicated that application of TSP and PSB increased dry weight, plant height, total chlorophyll and carotenoids content and uptake of P in pistachio seedlings. Inoculation with PSB increased shoot dry weight (36%), root dry weight (44%), total chlorophyll (31%), carotenoids (30%), shoot P uptake (62%) and root P uptake (84%) in pistachio seedlings. Research limitations: By measuring other traits such as nutrient concentration, the response of pistachio seedlings to microbial inoculation can be more clearly interpreted. Originality/Value: Using of new insecticides with new and widespread mode of action can be recommended against postharvest pest in the practical entomology.
Plant Nutrition
Nazanin Nazari; Hassan Feizi
Abstract
Purpose: Plants are naturally influenced by magnetic fields. On the other hand, the application of titanium dioxide (TiO2) nanoparticles may improve the quantitative and qualitative traits of plants. Research method: The effect of magnetic field and nano and bulk-TiO2 was studied on the yield of saffron ...
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Purpose: Plants are naturally influenced by magnetic fields. On the other hand, the application of titanium dioxide (TiO2) nanoparticles may improve the quantitative and qualitative traits of plants. Research method: The effect of magnetic field and nano and bulk-TiO2 was studied on the yield of saffron in Nishabur County, Iran. The treatments included 5-mT magnetic field (at three levels of control, exerted magnet tapes into substrate, and the 24-hour exposure of the corms to the magnets) and TiO2 (at five levels of 0 as control, 1000 and 2000 ppm nanosized-TiO2, and 1000 and 2000 ppm bulk TiO2). During the growing season petal fresh and dry weight, flower fresh weight, stigma dry weight and corm weight were recorded. Findings: The results showed that studied traits were significantly (p < 0.01) influenced by the magnetic field and nano-TiO2. The highest stigma dry weight was related to the treatment of 2000 ppm nano-TiO2 and 48-hour exposure to the magnetic field, showing an insignificant difference with 1000 ppm nano-TiO2. Application of TiO2 nanoparticles in 2000 ppm increased stigma dry weight by 14.7 % and corm weight by 51 % compared to the control. Exposure of corms to magnetic field in planting media and pretreatment with it, increased corm weight by 13.6 and 26 % in comparing to control, respectively. Limitations: No limitations were founded. Originality/Value: According to the results, it is possible to use magnetic fields and TiO2 nanoparticles to stimulate the growth of corms and flower of saffron.
Plant Propagation
Festus Maniriho; Mehmet Aşkin; Hatice Serdar
Abstract
Purpose: To enhance the rooting ability of Prunus rootstocks byIndol-3-butyric acid (IBA) hormone associated with bacillus subtilis bacteriain greenhouse conditions. Research Method: Every 20 cuttings of each cultivar were dipped into either powder or liquid IBA with or without Bacillus subitilis. Afterward, ...
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Purpose: To enhance the rooting ability of Prunus rootstocks byIndol-3-butyric acid (IBA) hormone associated with bacillus subtilis bacteriain greenhouse conditions. Research Method: Every 20 cuttings of each cultivar were dipped into either powder or liquid IBA with or without Bacillus subitilis. Afterward, the cuttings were planted in any of the cocopeat or perlite medium, in a greenhouse. ANOVA was computed to compare the results among Prunus cultivars. Findings: After 2 months of the experiment, shoots were much better in perlite medium than cocopeat medium. Maxma 14 cuttings did not develop any shoot formation in cocopeat medium, while Garnem cuttings developed the best shoots for liquid IBA and Powder IBA treatment (respectively 1.05 and 1 average number of shoots/cutting). The effect of Bacillus subitilis bacteria on shoots was significant in perlite medium with more shoots for Garnem, Maxma 14 and Myrobolan 29C cuttings, respectively (1.70, 0.35 and 0.95 average number of shoot/cutting). On the other hand, the highest rooting levels were observed in powder IBA + Bacillus subtilis treatment for Garnem and Myrobolan 29C (35% and 20%), while powder IBA treatment induced better rooting level for Myrobolan 29C and Garnem cuttings (respectively 10% and 5% higher compared to the control). Limitations: There is a need to do further investigation on the survival rate of the shoots, in field conditions. Originality/Value: The association of powder IBA and bacteria (Bacillus subtilis) is promissing to increase the rooting of the Prunus rootstocks cultivar.
Plant Nutrition
Soumaya Dbara; Messaoud Mars
Abstract
Purpose: Nowadays, the problem of water scarcity increased due to the increase of aridity, which enhances the use of non-conventional waters. The irrigation with treated wastewater was primarly developed. Research method: In the present research, we compared the quality of pomegranate fruits harvested ...
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Purpose: Nowadays, the problem of water scarcity increased due to the increase of aridity, which enhances the use of non-conventional waters. The irrigation with treated wastewater was primarly developed. Research method: In the present research, we compared the quality of pomegranate fruits harvested from two ‘Gabsi’ orchards managed according to two different cultural practices such as: organic (O) and conventional irrigated with treated wastewater (WW). We determine the soil and fruit characteristics. Findings: Results showed that the organic soil was richer in Fe, Mn and Mg; however, irrigated with WW was richer in Cu, Zn, and Cd with the absence of Ag and Ni in both soils. The analysis of fruits demonstrated that organic ones were richer in Cu, Zn and Mn. Mg content was similar in both fruits. Hg, Ni, Cd, and Fe were not present in fruits. The BCF of Cu and Zn were higher in organic fruits, contrary to Mg. Furthermore, the highest values of the SSC/TA ratio were recorded in organic fruits with no pathogenic contamination for both fruits. Limitations: No limitations were founded. Originality/Value: This study illustrates the possibility of treating wastewater in the irrigation of pomegranates without adverse effects.
Plant Nutrition
Bahareh Rahmani; Mahmoud Ghasemnezhad; Reza Fotouhi Ghazvini; Akbar Forghani
Abstract
Purpose: Boron deficiency can be a limiting factor for the flowering and fruit production of olive orchards. The appropriate time for foliar spray needs to be found in each environment. Research method: Effect of foliar spray (350 mg L-1 from boric acid) after fruit harvest (Stage 1), during flower bud ...
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Purpose: Boron deficiency can be a limiting factor for the flowering and fruit production of olive orchards. The appropriate time for foliar spray needs to be found in each environment. Research method: Effect of foliar spray (350 mg L-1 from boric acid) after fruit harvest (Stage 1), during flower bud differentiation (Stage 2), and the anthesis (Stage 3) alone or in combination, on fruit set percentage, leaf and inflorescence boron, zinc, and iron concentration, soluble carbohydrates content in leaves of three commercial olive cultivars was investigated. Findings: Results showed, the maximum fruit set percentage, the highest leaf and inflorescence boron content, was found in the Koroneiki cultivar when boron sprayed two times at stages 1+3 and stages 2+3. The highest leaf and inflorescence zinc content was found when boron sprayed two times at stages 2+3 on the Koroneiki cultivar. The highest leaf and inflorescence iron content was found in Baladi and Mission cultivars, respectively, when sprayed at stage 2 or two times at stages 1+3. Olive cultivar Baladi showed the highest leaf fructose, sucrose, and glucose content when boron sprayed at stage 2 alone or three times at stages 1+2+3. Research limitations: It can be useful to study different concentrations of foliar spray and other cultivars. Originality/Value: The response of different olive cultivars was not the same. It seems that boron spray at the appropriate time increased fruit set percentage, especially in Koroneiki. Therefore, more research is needed to find the best fertilization program in olive orchards of Golestan province.
Plant Nutrition
Ali Asadi Kangarshahi; Negin Akhlaghi Amiri
Abstract
Purpose: In this study, the response of Miyagawa Satsuma mandarin (Citrus unshiu) on Swingle citrumelo rootstock to calcareous soils of the east of Mazandaran in Iran was investigated. Research method: The experiment was done by seven soils with different calcium carbonate (2-45%) for two years. Findings: ...
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Purpose: In this study, the response of Miyagawa Satsuma mandarin (Citrus unshiu) on Swingle citrumelo rootstock to calcareous soils of the east of Mazandaran in Iran was investigated. Research method: The experiment was done by seven soils with different calcium carbonate (2-45%) for two years. Findings: Soils with 14% total lime and 5% active lime had the highest shoot dry weight. Soils with 30 and 45% total lime, and 14 and 16% active lime had the highest chlorosis and soils with no lime or 3% active lime and 2 to 9% total lime had the least chlorosis. Soils with 2 and 9% total lime had the highest Fe concentration in root and the least chlorosis. Fe concentration in the roots was about 7.5 times that of the leaves, which show Fe accumulation and inactivation in the root. Mn concentration in leaves in most soils was lower than optimum, while available Mn in most soils was more than optimum (2.5 mg kg-1). Mn concentration at the roots was about 3.2 times of that in the leaves. In contrast, although available Zn of some soils was lower than optimum, in most soils the Zn concentration of leaves was in the optimum range. Research limitations: No limitations were founded. Originality/Value: Mn, due to low uptake and transmission efficiency from roots to shoots and severe deficiency in leaves is the most limiting microelement in this rootstock-scion combination. According to this research, Swingle citrumelo rootstock is appropriate in soils with total and active lime less than 14% and 5%, respectively.
Plant Nutrition
Sajad Heidari; Seyed Najmmaddin Mortazavi; Saeid Reezi; Ali Nikbakht
Abstract
Purpose: A greenhouse experiment was conducted to evaluate the effect of the mixture of different growing media (palm trunk: resulted from palm trunk only; palm tree: resulted from all palm organs; coco peat; perlite; reused coco peat) on growth and nutrient uptake of lily cut flower. Research method: ...
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Purpose: A greenhouse experiment was conducted to evaluate the effect of the mixture of different growing media (palm trunk: resulted from palm trunk only; palm tree: resulted from all palm organs; coco peat; perlite; reused coco peat) on growth and nutrient uptake of lily cut flower. Research method: Treatments including two cultivars (Tiber and Candy Club) and eleven growing media compositions were set up in a factorial experiment based on a completely randomized design. Findings: The Control showed the highest leaf surface area, bulb depletion rate, and Mg content, while the higher plant height and the leaves number were observed in 40% and 80% palm trunk treatments, respectively. Furthermore, the 40% palm trunk resulting in a higher Fe content. The highest bud's number, K, Cu, and Mn content measured in Candy Club, which was cultivated on 20% palm tree treatment, that increased by an average of 10.1%, 15.8%, 67.4%, and 54.3%, respectively compared to the control. The Candy Club has grown on control showed the highest values of the reproductive organ length, N, and P concentration. The highest Ca content was obtained after the Tiber's cultivation in the 80% palm trunk. Research limitations: No limitations were founded. Originality/Value: Because of the low cost, availability, and extensive cultivation area of date palm in Iran and over the world, palm wastes has a great potential to be used as an eco-friendly horticultural substrate mixture to substitute coco peat in lily soilless culture.
Plant Nutrition
Seyyedeh Atefeh Hosseini; Mahdie Ghaemi; Mehdi Khayyat
Abstract
Purpose: The present research was conducted to evaluate interactive effects of manganese (Mn) and Alfalfa mosaic virus (AMV) on some physiological characteristics of two pepper varieties including PS301 and California Wonder under greenhouse conditions. Research Methods: Treatments included two levels ...
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Purpose: The present research was conducted to evaluate interactive effects of manganese (Mn) and Alfalfa mosaic virus (AMV) on some physiological characteristics of two pepper varieties including PS301 and California Wonder under greenhouse conditions. Research Methods: Treatments included two levels of virus infection (infected and non-infected), three levels of Mn concentrations (No manganese: 0ppm, 5ppm and 10ppm) and two varieties (California Wonder and PS301). After three weeks, total chlorophyll (Chl), carbohydrate, antioxidants, phenolic compounds, dry weight and proline were measured in aerial parts. Findings: The highest antioxidant activity observed in California Wonder treated with AMV and 5ppm Mn. The highest total Chl observed in PS301 when treated with 10 ppm Mn. Interaction between Mn and AMV showed the highest dry weight in virus infected plants without Mn supplying. Simple effects of AMV did not influence on total Chl, total carbohydrate and antioxidant, but significantly dcreased dry weight. Application of Mn significantly increased proline and carotenoid contents in infected plants. Research limitations: analysis of proteins that play important roles in resistance mechanism to plant viruses has not been measured because of restriction of accessibility of western blotting at the University of Birjand. Originality/Value: It is concluded that AMV infection could be ameliorated by manganese supplying because of improvement of antioxidant system and phenol content that lead to viral tolerance in pepper.
Plant Nutrition
Moomin - Abu; Mildred Osei-Kwarteng; Richard Atinpoore Atuna
Abstract
Purpose: A study was conducted on the effect of single-based fertilizers and compound fertilizers on the nutritive quality potential of lettuce (var. Eden), sweet pepper (var. Yellow wonder), and carrot (var. Bahia). Research method: This was accomplished following Completely Randomized Design (CRD) ...
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Purpose: A study was conducted on the effect of single-based fertilizers and compound fertilizers on the nutritive quality potential of lettuce (var. Eden), sweet pepper (var. Yellow wonder), and carrot (var. Bahia). Research method: This was accomplished following Completely Randomized Design (CRD) with four replications. Lettuce, sweet pepper, and carrot were fertilized using 71 kg, 100 kg, and 128 kg of ammonium sulphate (20.5 % N, 23.4 % S)/ha, 350 kg of NPK (15-15-15)/ha, and Control/No fertilizer application; 81 kg, 100 kg, and 138 kg of 6-24-12 NPK/ha, 225 kg of NPK (15-15-15)/ha, and Control; and on 43 kg, 71 kg, and 100 kg of 10-10-30 NPK/ha, 225 kg of NPK (15-15-15)/ha, and Control; respectively. Findings: Compound fertilizer resulted in high Fe content in lettuce whiles Single 2 treatment was in favour of that in carrot and sweet pepper. Single 3 treatment resulted in high Ca content in lettuce and sweet pepper whiles Single 2 treatment was in favour of that in carrot. Compound fertilizer resulted in high Mg content in lettuce whiles Single 3 treatment was in favour of that in carrot and sweet pepper. Crude protein content of lettuce, carrot, and sweet pepper was significantly high in the single-based fertilizer treatments. Compound fertilizer treatments recorded high carbohydrate content for lettuce and sweet pepper. All treatments recorded high moisture and high fat content. Limitations: No limitations. Originality/Value: Proximate composition patterns were strikingly dissimilar in all test crops.
Plant Nutrition
Farshid Esmaeili
Abstract
Purpose: One of the problems in today's world is the pollution of the environment with heavy metals, which extraction of metals from mines, industrial and agricultural activities have caused significant pollution of soils and waters to metals. Research method: Fulvic acid at 15, 30, and 60 L ha-1 ...
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Purpose: One of the problems in today's world is the pollution of the environment with heavy metals, which extraction of metals from mines, industrial and agricultural activities have caused significant pollution of soils and waters to metals. Research method: Fulvic acid at 15, 30, and 60 L ha-1 and zeolites at 1000, 2000, and 4000 kg ha-1 have formed the treatments, and the cadmium content was added to the region. The absorbance of cadmium, zinc, and nitrogen elements, as well as the dry weight of aerial organs and root of Spinacia oleracea var. inermis, was investigated. Findings: The application of fulvic acid and zeolite resulted in higher absorption of the elements and higher biomass weight compared to the control. In this case, fulvic acid at 30 L ha-1 and zeolite at 4000 kg ha-1had the best results own, and the accumulated amounts of cadmium and zinc in the root of the Spinach were higher than that of the aerial organs. Due to its acidic nature, fulvic acid caused higher mobility of elements than zeolite. Also, the application of the treatments caused better vegetative growth of the plant and moderation of the effects of stress. Limitations: There was no restriction on conducting this research. Originality/Value: Based on the results, the use of fulvic acid and zeolite can significantly increase the absorption of cadmium toxic metal from the organs of the Spinach plant and help the further release of this element from the soil.
Plant Nutrition
Farid Moradinezhad; Mina Mohammadian Moghaddam; Mehdi Khayyat
Abstract
Purpose: The effect of foliar application of gibberellic acid and boric acid on bioactive compounds and quality of pomegranate fruit cv. Shishe-Kab was investigated. Research Method: This was accomplished through the field and laboratory experiments at the Faculty of Agriculture, University of Birjand, ...
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Purpose: The effect of foliar application of gibberellic acid and boric acid on bioactive compounds and quality of pomegranate fruit cv. Shishe-Kab was investigated. Research Method: This was accomplished through the field and laboratory experiments at the Faculty of Agriculture, University of Birjand, Iran, during 2017 and 2018 seasons. Gibberellic acid (50 and 150 mg L-1) and Boric acid (200 and 600 mg L-1) were applied three times at one-month interval; late in May, June, and July during growth and developmental stages of fruits. The experiment was set in a completely randomized block design. Fruits were harvested at full maturity stage late in October, and physicochemical properties were evaluated. Findings: Results showed that anthocyanin content and antioxidant activity significantly decreased while fruit firmness, ascorbic acid content, and fruit cracking increased in gibberellic acid treatments. Application of 50 mg L-1 gibberellic acid significantly increased total soluble solids content and maturity index, but decreased titratable acidity in the fruits.However, foliar application of gibberellic acid and boric acid did not have significant effects on the pH and phenolic compounds of the fruit. Research limitations: Inability to examine different pomegranate cultivars in the investigation was a limitation. Originality/Value: Pre-harvest foliar use of gibberellic acid and boric acid showed positive and negative effects on postharvest quality attributes of Shishe-Kab pomegranate. Thus, further studies need for practical application.
Plant Nutrition
Saleha Farjana; Md Ashraful Islam; Tamanna Haque
Abstract
Purpose: Cabbage is important fresh vegetable crop in most of the countries of the world. The experiment was conducted to evaluate the growth and yield of cabbage (Brassica oleracea var. capitata L. cv. Atlas-70) as influenced by organic and inorganic fertilizers, and mulching. Research methods: The ...
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Purpose: Cabbage is important fresh vegetable crop in most of the countries of the world. The experiment was conducted to evaluate the growth and yield of cabbage (Brassica oleracea var. capitata L. cv. Atlas-70) as influenced by organic and inorganic fertilizers, and mulching. Research methods: The experiment comprised of two different factors such as, factor-A; four different types of fertilizers viz. F0 (control, no fertilizer), F1 (vermicompost), F2 (inorganic fertilizer), and F3 (mixed of organic and inorganic fertilizer) and factor-B; types of mulches viz. M0 (control, no mulch), M1 (water hyacinth), M2 (rice straw), M3 (black polythene). This two factors experiment was conducted in Randomized Complete Block Design (RCBD) with three replications. Findings: Significant variation was found among the treatments. Result showed F3M3 (combination organic and inorganic fertilizer with black polythene) had the highest growth (plant height, stem length, root length, number of roots etc.) and yield (105.93 t/ha) in cabbage. The yield was 63.92% higher from the combined effect of fertilizer and mulch as black polythene (F3M3) compared to control (F0M0). So, mineral fertilizer and vermicompost with black polythene had the best performance considering the growth and yield of cabbage. Research limitations: Evaluation of different ratios of organic and inorganic fertilizers with mulching could have better outcome or findings of this work. Originality/Value: Combination of organic and inorganic fertilizers with black polythene as mulch have showed the highest growth and yield outcome of cabbage compared to other treatments combinations.This work has the opportunity to reduce the application of inorganic fertilizer to improve the soil health and environment in long run.
Plant Nutrition
Sally Wilkinson; Anna Weston; David Marks
Abstract
Purpose: Supplying plants with nitrogen in ammonium nitrate- or urea-based fertiliser is wasteful: much is degraded before acquisition, releasing environmental pollutants. Preventing urea degradation can reduce pollution and improve crop nitrogen use efficiency. We investigate benefits to ureic stabilisation, ...
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Purpose: Supplying plants with nitrogen in ammonium nitrate- or urea-based fertiliser is wasteful: much is degraded before acquisition, releasing environmental pollutants. Preventing urea degradation can reduce pollution and improve crop nitrogen use efficiency. We investigate benefits to ureic stabilisation, on flowering and stress tolerance, as organic nitrogen sources favourably alter biomass partitioning in this regard. Research Method: We test effects of adding chemically stabilised urea to soil, on the physical form and flowering of containerised, greenhouse-grown pelargonium, petunia, pansy and marigold, when transplanting seedlings to larger pots. Efficacies of stabilised urea, non-stabilised urea and industry standard fertiliser are compared under identical total nitrogen supply. The significance of treatment differences is calculated using a one-tailed t-test. Findings: Development is favourably altered by ureic stabilisation. Earliest changes measured are increased root lengths, leaf growth rates and chlorophyll concentrations. Plants then develop more shoots and 25-130% more flowers. Improvements arise partially through increased nitrogen longevity in soil, and partially through positive effects of urea itself on biomass partitioning between organs, and on plant physiology; giving rise to improved commercial attributes (more branches and flowers) and tolerance to stress (more root, less apical dominance, more chlorophyll). Research Limitations: Further research could measure leachate nitrogen content, and compare different methods of ureic stabilisation in more crops. Originality/Value: Urea stabilisation can increase fruit and flower yields, whilst reducing vulnerability to erratic climates, and fertiliser-derived pollution. We propose that urea’s effectiveness arises because plants have evolved strategies to proliferate whilst competing with micro-organisms for organic nitrogen.
Plant Nutrition
Isam Al-madhagi
Abstract
Purpose: Cucumber is a very sensitive plant even under standard conditions, and its fruit, reaches the harvest stage rapidly. In addition to, in Yemen a lot of fertilizer and fungicide chemical have used during the production. For this purpose, effect of exogenously applied of bio-stimulators (humic ...
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Purpose: Cucumber is a very sensitive plant even under standard conditions, and its fruit, reaches the harvest stage rapidly. In addition to, in Yemen a lot of fertilizer and fungicide chemical have used during the production. For this purpose, effect of exogenously applied of bio-stimulators (humic acid and yeast) was examined. Research method: Cucumber HATEM F1 Cultivar was used as plant material. Plants were grown during the clean horticulture practices under polyethylene greenhouse condition. The experiment designed as completely randomized blocks design (RCBD). Humic acid at 0, 100 and 300 mg L-1, as well as yeast at 0, 2000 and 4000 mg L-1, sprayed once alone or in combination. Findings: As compared to control, humic at 100 mg L-1 alone increased the yield about 14.88%. Yeast at 4000 mg L-1 alone offered the significantly (P≤0.05) highest of the plant (88.2%) and higher yield (91.00%). Yeast at 2000 mg L-1 significantly increased leaves DM% (26.6%). Yeast significantly increases chlorophyll SPAD. The interaction of 100 humic × 4000 mg L-1 of yeast increased the yield by 168.26% than the control. Research limitations: Further studies were needed to clarify the interaction effect of both substances by using the higher modern technique. Originality/Value: The finding obtained from this study could probably use to manage and successfully applied to the production of organic cucumber. Moreover, it could be suggested that the combination between yeast at 4000 mg L-1 and humic at 100 mg L-1 is the best for the productivity of cucumber.
