Postharvest Biology and Technology
Md. Anowar Hossain; Md. Masud Rana; Md. Salim Uddin; Yoshinobu Kimura
Abstract
Purpose: In Bangladesh,mango fruit supply is limited in the local market as well as for export due to its short self-life and susceptibility to post-harvest diseases. This study aimed to evaluate the effects of CaCl2 in hot water on organoleptic and biochemical characteristics of mango fruits for extension ...
Read More
Purpose: In Bangladesh,mango fruit supply is limited in the local market as well as for export due to its short self-life and susceptibility to post-harvest diseases. This study aimed to evaluate the effects of CaCl2 in hot water on organoleptic and biochemical characteristics of mango fruits for extension of shelf-life. Research Method: Mangoes were treated with different concentrations (0.0, 0.5, 1, 2, 3, 4 & 5 %) of CaCl2 in hot water (50°C) for 10 min and kept at 25±2°C over 12 days. Each treatment included 20 mangoes with three replications. The physiological changes were observed and biochemical characteristics of mango fruits were analyzed. Findings: Better skin color and aroma were observed at 0.5~4.0% CaCl2 and no fungal infection was found at 3~5% CaCl2 as compared with untreated control whereas taste and texture of mangoes increased significantly with the increasing concentration of CaCl2. The shelf life of treated mangoes increased 2~3 days with increasing concentration of 4~5% CaCl2 but slight skin shriveling and weight loss were observed. Higher concentration of CaCl2 treated fruits maintained higher values of moisture, ash, titratable acidity, vitamin-C, reducing sugar, starch, invertase activity whereas total soluble solid, total sugar, non-reducing sugar, total phenol, amylase, polyphenoloxidase activity decreased significantly. Limitations: In future, mechanism of CaCl2 in hot water for extending shelf life of mangoes will be elucidated using molecular approach. Originality/Value: The treatment of 4% CaCl2 in hot water could be used to extend the shelf life of mangoes up to 2~3 days with consumer acceptance.
Postharvest Biology and Technology
Munir Abba Dandago; Lisa Kitinoja; Nura Abdullahi
Abstract
Purpose: Maize output is decreasing in developing countries due to poor postharvest management despite the huge investments. The study is aimed at identifying and quantifying sources and causes of postharvest losses from farm to retail and suggest appropriate interventions for reducing these losses. ...
Read More
Purpose: Maize output is decreasing in developing countries due to poor postharvest management despite the huge investments. The study is aimed at identifying and quantifying sources and causes of postharvest losses from farm to retail and suggest appropriate interventions for reducing these losses. Research Method: Commodity system assessment on postharvest handling, storage and marketing of maize was conducted between July and August, 2017 in Nigeria, Rwanda and Punjab (India) using surveys, interviews, observations, measurements and quantification of losses along the value chain. Postharvest quality and economic loss assessments along the chain were based on physical damage, decay and weight loss. Findings: Causes of postharvest losses at farm level are similar in all the countries studied, with sorting losses from 2 to 50% and drying losses from 10 to 40%. Damage and defects were extremely high in Rwanda at the farm level. Maize is stored for 5 to 10 months with 2 to 3.5% damage in Nigeria and 6% in Rwanda. Maize is stacked in sacks during wholesale and cleaning rejects obtained is 2 to 11% in Nigeria and India, little or no sorting in Rwanda at wholesale. Postharvest losses are 15%, 60% and 20% of total produce for Nigeria, Rwanda and Punjab, which account for economic losses of $720 million, $131.2 million and $8.2 million respectively. Limitations: The research is limited to major production areas in the three countries because of funding. Originality/Value: The study identified problems, sources and causes of post-harvest losses and suggests appropriate interventions, training needs and advocacy issues to reduce these losses.
Postharvest Biology and Technology
Nida Firdous
Abstract
Purpose: International agencies have advocated that monitoring food security and world food resources are necessary to meet the needs of growing populations and to minimize postharvest losses. This paper focuses on the biochemical and physiological bases of changes that causes post-harvest losses and ...
Read More
Purpose: International agencies have advocated that monitoring food security and world food resources are necessary to meet the needs of growing populations and to minimize postharvest losses. This paper focuses on the biochemical and physiological bases of changes that causes post-harvest losses and ways to mitigate them. By controlling these metabolic changes, some degree of preservation is possible. Findings: Postharvest losses are 30-50% in developing countries due to energy crisis and lack of proper handling procedures and refrigeration; in contrast to less than 15% in developed countries. Highly perishable commodities like fruits and vegetables are living entities which are characterized by life evolving activities like respiration, transpiration, ripening and metabolic changes. Various compositional changes, such as chlorophyll degradation, softening, and ascorbic acid losses can result in short shelf life. Total 63 species of vegetables are grown in Pakistan but onions, potatoes, tomatoes, garlic, green chilies, coriander, spinach, pumpkin and okra are mostly grown and consumed. Limitations: In Pakistan due to energy crisis and economic constraints no cold food chains/transport is available as a result of which fresh produce endured post-harvest losses. There is a need to use production technologies supplemented with postharvest techniques to mitigate postharvest losses.Directions for Future Research: Many new technologically viable preservation techniques like modified atmosphere packaging and controlled atmosphere storage should come into existence due to increased health consciousness, increased purchasing power and an increase in percentage of postharvest losses (25-80% fresh produce) which could be applied with such economic constraints.
Postharvest Biology and Technology
Abu Moomin; Lawrence Dzarkwei Abbey; Nelson Kobla Amey
Abstract
Purpose: Fruit ages (early, mid, and late harvest stages) of Haden, Kent, Palmer, and Keitt mango varieties were determined through age-control and established for physiological (early harvest) and eat-ripeness stages (mid and late harvests). This was followed by determining physicochemical properties ...
Read More
Purpose: Fruit ages (early, mid, and late harvest stages) of Haden, Kent, Palmer, and Keitt mango varieties were determined through age-control and established for physiological (early harvest) and eat-ripeness stages (mid and late harvests). This was followed by determining physicochemical properties at these stages that could be used as simple harvest indicators for export and local markets. Research Method: Randomized Complete Block Design and Completely Randomized Design with four replications in each case were used. For each of the four varieties, five mango trees were sampled at random in each of the four replications of a mango plantation when fruits were physiologically matured. Findings: Physiological and ripe maturity index values were 8.94, 6.88, 7.25, and 6.56 oBrix respectively, for soluble solids; 24.9, 8.5, 35.5, and 23.8 mg.100g-1 respectively, for ascorbic acid; 3.25, 3.50, 3.33, and 3.49 respectively, for pH; and 18.5, 17.5, 19.5, and 17.0 oBrix respectively, for total soluble solids; 8.05, 3.32, 5.52, and 3.66 mg.100g-1 respectively, for ascorbic acid; 5.11, 4.08, 5.00, and 5.80 respectively, for pH; respectively. Pulp colour (turning yellow) was nearly the same for the different varieties at physiological maturity but varied when ripe, with uniform consistent texture at both stages.Limitations: No limitations to report. Originality/Value: Fruit should be harvested after full maturity in order to develop the most adequate organoleptic quality and the longest post-harvest life, and before full ripeness but should never be over-ripe or immature for any purpose unless otherwise.
Postharvest Biology and Technology
Duyen Huu Huong Nguyen; Ha Vu Hong Nguyen
Abstract
Purpose: Recently, there are researches showed positive effects of nano-chitosan in prolonging the postharvest quality and shelf life of strawberry, however, influences of storage temperatures on the nano-chitosan coated fruit have been overlooked. Therefore, in this work, changes of physiological traits ...
Read More
Purpose: Recently, there are researches showed positive effects of nano-chitosan in prolonging the postharvest quality and shelf life of strawberry, however, influences of storage temperatures on the nano-chitosan coated fruit have been overlooked. Therefore, in this work, changes of physiological traits of strawberry (Fragaria × ananassa Duch.) coated with 0.2% nano-chitosan and stored at different temperatures were studied. Research Method: Strawberry was coated with 0.2% nano-chitosan and stored at different temperatures (2°C, 5°C, 10°C and 25°C) for 12 days. The effects of temperatures on the coated fruits were tested by measuring visual quality, weight loss, antioxidant properties, malondialdehyde content, firmness, total soluble solid, polyphenol oxidase activity in three days intervals. Findings: After storing 0.2% nano-chitosan coated strawberry at four different temperatures, 2°C showed the most effective one as maintaining the overall quality of strawberry higher than the acceptable/marketable level after 12 days; meanwhile, fruits stored at 25°C were quickly decayed after 3 days. The treatments at low temperatures (2°C, and 5°C) significantly reduced weight loss, maintained firmness, total soluble solid, polyphenol oxidase activity and malondialdehyde content of the stored fruits. Limitations: Nano-chitosan has not been widely traded. Originality/Value: Coating strawberry with nano-chitosan and storing at 2°C effectively maintained the postharvest quality of strawberry as well. This treatment is quite simple and would be useful for stakeholders in the strawberry supply chain.
Postharvest Biology and Technology
Mohamad Firozi; MohamadEsmail Amiri; Ehsan Kahneh
Abstract
Purpose: The use of natural and organic products increases to produce a healthy product free of pollutants. Tea seeds contain 15-20% oil, which used as edible oil and an organic pesticide. In previous years, these seeds were used to produce tea seedlings. But now, cuttings are used for tea propagation ...
Read More
Purpose: The use of natural and organic products increases to produce a healthy product free of pollutants. Tea seeds contain 15-20% oil, which used as edible oil and an organic pesticide. In previous years, these seeds were used to produce tea seedlings. But now, cuttings are used for tea propagation and seeds are a byproduct of tea production. Therefore, this study aims to compare the effect of TSO with commercial wax on post-harvest quality of Citrus sinensis cv. Moro. Research method: An experiment was done as Completely Randomized Design; fruits were coated with control (distilled water), commercial wax (XEDASOL- MX20), and tea seed oil. The fruits were stored for 60 days in cold storage. The weight of the fruit skin, the contents of juice, total soluble solids, titratable acidity, and anthocyanins of the fruit were measured. Findings: The results showed that fruits coated with commercial wax and tea seed oil have the lowest fruit weight loss, the highest percentage of TSS (10.42%), the most top content of anthocyanins (15.17 mg/l) and flavonoids (196.17 mg/l) that there was a significant difference with control. The lowest titratable acidity (2.28%) was observed in fruits impregnated with tea seed oil, and there was a considerable difference with control. In general, the effect of tea seed oil was similar to commercial wax. Limitations: No limitations were founded. Originality/Value: These results indicate that the application of tea seed oil proved to be effective in extending the quality and storage time of Citrus sinensis (cv. Moro).
Postharvest Biology and Technology
Samina Khalid; Maria Majeed; Muhammad Irfan Ullah; Muhammad Shahid; Abdur Rehman Riasat; Tahira Abbas; Hafiz Muhammad Aatif; Amjad Farooq
Abstract
Purpose: Strawberry (Fragaria × ananassa) is highly perishable fruit with a limited postharvest life at room temperature and is vulnerable to postharvest decay due to its high respiration rate, environmental stresses and pathogenic attacks. Research method: To increase the postharvest life ...
Read More
Purpose: Strawberry (Fragaria × ananassa) is highly perishable fruit with a limited postharvest life at room temperature and is vulnerable to postharvest decay due to its high respiration rate, environmental stresses and pathogenic attacks. Research method: To increase the postharvest life of strawberries, a combination of packaging material (polyethylene and perforated polyethylene) along with control and storage conditions {zero energy cool chamber (ZECC) and ambient conditions in laboratory} were tested. Main findings: Mass loss (1.59%) and internal temperature (22.24°C) were significantly reduced while shelf-life (more than 3 days) was enhanced in ZECC as compared to ambient conditions in laboratory with 6.46% mass loss, 23.04°C internal temperature and less than 3 days shelf-life. Packaging material significantly influenced mass loss (%) and electrical conductivity (S/m) of strawberry juice irrespective of its interaction with storage conditions and storage durations. Maximum mass loss (9.11%) and EC (3.74 S/m) were recorded in control samples while, minimum mass loss (1.24%) and EC (3.52 S/m) was recorded in polyethylene enclosed fruit. Irrespective of storage conditions and packaging material pH, TSS, titratable acidity (%) and ascorbic acid (mg100 ml-1) decreased while electrical conductivity (S/m) increased during storage. Limitations: In future study storage duration should be extended by adding more removals to get clear difference in fruit quality and shelf-life under various treatments. Originality/Value: In conclusion ZECC can be used for short term storage of strawberry.
Postharvest Biology and Technology
Anh T. Huynh; Ha V. H. Nguyen
Abstract
Purpose: Pretreatments of ethanol and chitosan immersion were examined for their potential to maintain physiochemical attributes of fresh cut pumpkin. Research method: Fresh cut pumpkin cubes were dipped into different ethanol solutions (20%, 30%, 40%, 50%) or chitosan concentrations (0.5%, 1%, 1.5%). ...
Read More
Purpose: Pretreatments of ethanol and chitosan immersion were examined for their potential to maintain physiochemical attributes of fresh cut pumpkin. Research method: Fresh cut pumpkin cubes were dipped into different ethanol solutions (20%, 30%, 40%, 50%) or chitosan concentrations (0.5%, 1%, 1.5%). All samples were stored for 15 days at 10°C. Main findings: Among four concentrations being applied, the 30% ethanol sample (ET 30) sustained the highest sensory quality until the final day and effectively retained fruit firmness, total soluble solids, total phenolic content compared to the 20% ethanol treatment (ET 20) stored at the same condition. Chitosan application retained better content of carotenoid, phenolic compounds, firmness, and reduced weight loss compared to non – chitosan treatment but there was no significant difference among concentrations. As a result, overall quality index of the coated samples surpassed control ones, especially 1% chitosan. The coating did not affect total soluble solids and antioxidant capacity. Limitations: The investigations of antioxidant and cell wall degrading enzymes were absent to support for the study’s results. Originality/Value: The combination of 30% ethanol and 1% chitosan suggested a possible application in practical context as it outperformed in maintaining the quality and prolonging storage time of the product up to 15 days at 100C.
Postharvest Biology and Technology
Moomin Abu; Nana Sakyiwa Olympio; Joseph Ofei Darko
Abstract
Purpose: Physiologically matured fruits of Haden, Kent, Palmer, and Keitt mango varieties were used for experiment. The fruits were held at ambient (29-31 oC) and simulated-transit temperature (10-13 oC) conditions. Quality which includes fruit firmness, weight, and spoilage, were assessed and used to ...
Read More
Purpose: Physiologically matured fruits of Haden, Kent, Palmer, and Keitt mango varieties were used for experiment. The fruits were held at ambient (29-31 oC) and simulated-transit temperature (10-13 oC) conditions. Quality which includes fruit firmness, weight, and spoilage, were assessed and used to determine shelf life of stored fruits. Research Method: A Completely Randomized Design with four replications was used. For each of the four varieties, five mango trees were sampled at random in each of the four replications of a mango plantation when fruits were physiologically matured. Findings: For the ambient and simulated-transit temperature conditions, Kent (4.09 days and 3.85 days, respectively) and Keitt (4.08 days and 3.92 days, respectively) fruits stored longer. Haden fruits ripened significantly earlier (9.50 days and 3.5 days, respectively) than Keitt fruits (11.01 days and 5 days, respectively). Ripening time was statistically not different among Haden, Kent, and Palmer fruits. Softness, colour, and decay were limiting quality factors for all mango fruits stored at both conditions. Higher shriveling rates were observed in Haden and Palmer fruits with a slight preponderance of the former, for both conditions. Average weight loss was highest (6.50 % and 3.31 %, respectively) for Haden and lowest (4.09 % and 2.34 %, respectively) for Keitt, but generally lower in fruits stored under transit conditions. Research limitations: No limitations to report. Originality/Value: A single quality attribute cannot be used to express loss of quality of mango fruit over the normal physiological range of mango fruit growth and development.
Postharvest Biology and Technology
Puran Bridgemohan; Anushka Goordeen; Majeed Mohammed; Ronell S. H. Bridgemohan
Abstract
Purpose: This paper provides an in-depth critical review and analysis of current and recent research undertaken on the agro-ecology, photochemistry, postharvest physiology and utilization of Moringa oleifera Lam. Findings: This treatise provided a comprehensive review of current and relevant ...
Read More
Purpose: This paper provides an in-depth critical review and analysis of current and recent research undertaken on the agro-ecology, photochemistry, postharvest physiology and utilization of Moringa oleifera Lam. Findings: This treatise provided a comprehensive review of current and relevant research on the horticultural practices, its agro-ecological conditions, and pre- and post-harvest operations and treatments. It showed the alignment of the biochemical production of the various phytochemicals to the ecophysiology of the plant particularly the variety and ecotypes, micro climatic and edaphic conditions, and the crop growth patterns. The detailed aggregation of the different phytochemicals and the sites of synthesis in the plant revealed that the plant produces in excess of 36 phytochemical compounds that manifest its biological efficacy in over 16 different human physiological activity and medicine. Additionally, it revealed the many approaches to the postharvest physiology of the plant parts and the extension of the shelf life and quality for processing opportunities. Research limitations: There were no significant limitations to the conducting of this exercise as the literature was available and accesses to communicate with authors were easily facilitated by the internet. Directions for future research: This is the only review which collated the findings on the agro-ecology, phytochemistry, postharvest physiology and utilization of Moringa oleifera Lam., and how it is linked to the world of ethno-medicine, and pharmacology. Further research is necessary to determine the efficacy of extracts from all parts of the moringa plant as potential and promising eco-friendly alternatives to common chemicals used as novel food preservatives.
Postharvest Biology and Technology
Ramesh Faghihi; Kambiz Larijani; Vahid Abdossi; Pejman Moradi
Abstract
Purpose: Our objective was to undertake the green synthesis of silver nanoparticles using Grapefruit (Citrus paradise) peel extract and evaluate the effects of silver nanoparticles on Botrytis cinerea. Research method: The silver nanoparticles formation was evaluated at different temperatures and concentrations ...
Read More
Purpose: Our objective was to undertake the green synthesis of silver nanoparticles using Grapefruit (Citrus paradise) peel extract and evaluate the effects of silver nanoparticles on Botrytis cinerea. Research method: The silver nanoparticles formation was evaluated at different temperatures and concentrations of AgNO3. The experiment was conducted during 2015 at Science and Research Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran. Main findings: Silver nanoparticles were successfully synthesized by Grapefruit's peel through a simple green and eco-friendly route. Aqueous extract of Grapefruit's peel was used synthesize nanosilver. The size of nanoparticle was determined at 5-65 nm, with SPR absorption at 420 nm in UV-Vis spectroscopy. Transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and X-ray diffraction spectroscopy (XRD) revealed that the synthesized nanoparticle was face centered. The silver nanoparticles characterized for their size and shape using scanning electron microscopy and TEM, respectively. XRD was used to determine the concentration of metal ions. Result indicated that nanosilver reduced the growth of Botrytis cinerea inviro culture. The highest antifungal effect was seen in the treatment with 40g/l nanosilver. In the other hand, the effect of nanosilver and time on diameter growth of Botrytis cinerea was not significant, individually (p≤1%). Limitations: No limitations were founded. Originality/Value: Green Synthesis of Nano is a reliable method for the nanoparticles synthesis and environmentally friendly approach.
Postharvest Biology and Technology
Suneeta Singh
Abstract
Purpose: Wild apricot fruit is a rich source of carbohydrates, minerals and vitamins. Its shelf life is very short due to its perishability characteristics. High perishable nature, high acidity and low sugar content of wild apricot fruits are the major limitations for their utilization as fresh fruits. ...
Read More
Purpose: Wild apricot fruit is a rich source of carbohydrates, minerals and vitamins. Its shelf life is very short due to its perishability characteristics. High perishable nature, high acidity and low sugar content of wild apricot fruits are the major limitations for their utilization as fresh fruits. Research method: In this research, Wild apricot fruits were osmotically dehydrated and packed in different packaging materials viz. polyethylene, aluminium laminated and shrink packages were than stored under ambient conditions for six months and analysed for quality and sensory parameters at two months intervals. Osmotic dehydration is a technique where moisture is partially removed and the sweetness is increased by dipping the fruits in concentrated sugar solution, followed by final drying in hot air. Potassium metabisulphite is added in sugar solution as preservative and to improve colour of the final product. After draining the syrup, the fruits are dried in a mechanical dehydrator to a constant weight. Main findings: Results showed that aluminium laminated packaging material proved to be best among the all packaging materials in maintaining superior quality up to six months of storage as indicated by higher mean titratable acidity (5.78%), reducing sugars (10.11%), total sugars (37.71%), ascorbic acid (4.77 mg/100g) and lower moisture content (11.14%). All the sensory parameters including colour, taste, texture, flavour and overall acceptability declined significantly during storage period of six months. Limitations: There were no limitations to report. Originality/Value: It was found that the most suitable packaging material was aluminium laminated whereas the greatest change in sensory parameters was observed in polyethylene packaging.
Postharvest Biology and Technology
Mahdei Behshti; Mehdi Jahani; Mohmmad Hossein Aminifard; Seyyedeh Atefeh Hosseini
Abstract
Purpose: The effect of abusing chemical biocides in controlling pests and diseases has drawn the attention of policymakers to the development of methods potentially available in nature for this purpose. Research method: In the present study, the inhibitory effects of four different essential oils against ...
Read More
Purpose: The effect of abusing chemical biocides in controlling pests and diseases has drawn the attention of policymakers to the development of methods potentially available in nature for this purpose. Research method: In the present study, the inhibitory effects of four different essential oils against Botrytis cinerea were tested at various concentrations (0, 200, 400, 600, and 800 μL L-1) in in vitro and in vivo. Main findings: The in vitro results showed that the growth of B. cinerea was completely inhibited by the application of anise oil at concentrations of 800 μL L-1. The in vivo results indicated that treated fruits with marjoram oil had more total soluble solids, and anthocyanin content in comparison to anise, chamomile, and black caraway oil. Furthermore, among essential oils, treated fruits with black caraway essential oils had the lowest pH, while anise, chamomile, and marjoram oil had the highest pH. The highest anthocyanin content and pH were obtained at 200 and 400 μL L-1 concentration and lowest values were found at a control treatment (respectively). The most total soluble solids were observed at control treatment and the lowest values were recorded at 600 μL L-1. The application of each essential oil decreased the percentage loss in fresh weight significantly and increased the storage-life of the fruit. Limitations: Higher cost of application was a limitation. Originality/Value: This research confirms the antifungal effects of anise, fennel, chamomile, and marjoram essential oils both in vitro and in vivo on grape fruits postharvest. Therefore, these essential oils could be an alternative to chemicals to control postharvest phytopathogenic fungi on grape fruits.
Postharvest Biology and Technology
Zahra Ardakani; Simona D’Amico
Abstract
Purpose: Food is a basic need for human life. Ensuring food security requires guaranteeing adequate food availability, accessibility, and utilization along with the sustainability of the food system. Food availability can be improved by decreasing food losses. The goal of this study is to document the ...
Read More
Purpose: Food is a basic need for human life. Ensuring food security requires guaranteeing adequate food availability, accessibility, and utilization along with the sustainability of the food system. Food availability can be improved by decreasing food losses. The goal of this study is to document the causes and quantify the amount of losses in Iran’s rice supply chain. Research method: A cross-sectional survey method was used to collect data through interviews with some actors of the rice production chain operating in Mazandaran province, Qaemshahr, in 2015, to approximate percentage weight losses at the different stages in the supply chain. Main findings: The rice losses are estimated to be about one-third of the production that could feed 18 million people per year. On the other hand, the rice losses imply an economic loss of 1,403 million U.S. dollars, annually, and losing some scare resources, such as water, in Iran. Limitations: It is not easy to apply the ways to collect the useful and more accurate data in order to find the most important reasons of food losses for each stage and process of the food supply chains. Originality/Value: It was found that it is necessary to invest in the marketing systems, renew the supply chain and improve knowledge of the actors of the rice chain -from producing to consuming- in Iran’s rice system to reduce the physical and economical estimated losses of rice.
Postharvest Biology and Technology
Muhammad Ahmad; Musa Mohammed Abubakar; Sani Sale
Abstract
Purpose: Postharvest losses of fruits and vegetables are major problem for countries that agriculture is one of the source economy and that losses in tomato have reported from 20 to 50%. It is one of the very perishable fruit and it changes continuously after harvesting. The aim was to evaluate the effect ...
Read More
Purpose: Postharvest losses of fruits and vegetables are major problem for countries that agriculture is one of the source economy and that losses in tomato have reported from 20 to 50%. It is one of the very perishable fruit and it changes continuously after harvesting. The aim was to evaluate the effect of guava (Psidium guajava) and physic nut (Jatropha curcas) leaf extract on fresh ripe tomato fruits. Research method: Two tomato varieties obtained (UTC and Tandilo) from Gombe Main Market and were then treated with aqueous and ethanolic extract of Psidium guajava and Jatropha curcas leaves to extend their shelf life and maintain the quality of tomato fruits during storage. The experiment was laid out using completely randomized block design, (CRBD). Number of days to deterioration was recorded on visual eating quality. The recorded data were analyzed using analysis of variance. Findings: Ethanolic extracts of P. guajava and J. curcas was highly effective on UTC variety. The postharvest decay that was the main quality factor in this experiment significantly reduced in Tandilo and UTC tomato fruits after using 2.5g/1000ml ethanolic J. curcas leaves extract by 24 and 25 days respectively; and 22 and 23 days after using 2.5g/1000ml ethanolic P. guajava leaves extract. Limitations: No limitations were founded. Originality/Value: These findings indicate that application of leaves extracts proved to be effective in extending the shelf life of test tomato fruits.
Postharvest Biology and Technology
Seeseei Molimau-Samasoni; Veronica Vaavia; Ron B. H. Wills
Abstract
Purpose: Breadfruit is a tropical climacteric fruit consumed as an unripe starchy vegetable hence export requires some postharvest technology to inhibit ripening during marketing. Research in the Caribbean found storage at 12 °C was optimal to delay ripening without fruit developing chilling ...
Read More
Purpose: Breadfruit is a tropical climacteric fruit consumed as an unripe starchy vegetable hence export requires some postharvest technology to inhibit ripening during marketing. Research in the Caribbean found storage at 12 °C was optimal to delay ripening without fruit developing chilling injury. Breadfruit is a major horticultural commodity in Samoa with New Zealand a target export destination. This paper examines the ability of low temperatures to extend the storage life of unripe Samoan breadfruit and thus facilitate export. Research method: Puou and Maafala breadfruit were stored at temperatures from 12 to 25 °C and observed for time to ripen and to exhibit chilling injury symptoms as these factors determine storage life. Main findings: Time to ripen increased as the temperature was lowered but chilling injury occurred on all fruit stored at 12 and 15 °C and many stored at 17 °C. The longest storage life was attained at 17 °C with 11 days for Puou and 16 days for Maafala fruit with storage terminated by a mix of fruit ripening and developing chilling injury. Limitations: Questions remain as to the importance of mild chilling injury to influence purchase. Originality/Value: Samoan breadfruit is more chilling sensitive than Caribbean fruit and thus must be transported at higher temperatures than Caribbean fruit. Use of 17 °C gave the longest storage life for Samoan breadfruit which is sufficient for the 10 days required to export by air to New Zealand but is less than the 21 days required to export breadfruit by sea.
Postharvest Biology and Technology
Mojtaba Mokhtarizadeh Naeini; Azam Jafari; Jalal Gholamnejad; Mohammadreza Vazifeshenas
Abstract
Purpose: One of the primary methods in increasing shelf life and maintaining the horticultural product quality is the application of edible coatings at the product surface. In this regard, this experiment was conducted to investigate the effect of tragacanth gum on some characteristics of pomegranate ...
Read More
Purpose: One of the primary methods in increasing shelf life and maintaining the horticultural product quality is the application of edible coatings at the product surface. In this regard, this experiment was conducted to investigate the effect of tragacanth gum on some characteristics of pomegranate fruits such as weight loss, appearance quality, decay index, pH, soluble solid contents (SSC), titratable acidity (TA), maturity index, total phenol, vitamin C and anthocyanin content. Research Method: Fruits of two cultivars (‘Malase Yazdi’ and ‘Malase Daneh Siah’) were harvested and immersed in the tragacanth gum (0, 2.5, 5, 7.5, and 10 g l-1) solution for one minute. After applying treatments, fruits were air-dried, weighed, put in plastic baskets, and kept in the conventional storage in a completely randomized design for three months. Some quantitative and qualitative traits were measured and compared with the non-treated samples. Findings: Results revealed using tragacanth gum had a different effect according to cultivar type. The results also showed that tragacanth gum coatings could control the reduction of fruit appearance quality, and reduce the number of fruit decay in the ‘‘Malase Yazdi’’. In ‘‘Malase Daneh Siah’’, coating with tragacanth gum could improve pH, SSC, TA, and total anthocyanin content. Phenol content in both cultivars increased at the highest concentration (10 g l-1) of this edible coating. Research limitations: No limitations were founded. Originality/Value: Tragacanth gum coating could improve fruit quality of pomegranate during traditional storage and can be recommended to traditional pomegranate gardeners who still have large-scale traditional pomegranate storage.
Postharvest Biology and Technology
Shristi Chitranshi; Neeru Dubey; Muhammad Sajjad
Abstract
Purpose: The objective of this review is to study the effect of plant-based products on post-harvest management of the horticultural crops. Today when the horticulture crops are loaded with pesticides, the produce does not reach the consumer in a fresh and healthy form, it becomes imperative to look ...
Read More
Purpose: The objective of this review is to study the effect of plant-based products on post-harvest management of the horticultural crops. Today when the horticulture crops are loaded with pesticides, the produce does not reach the consumer in a fresh and healthy form, it becomes imperative to look for alternative products which are safe, non-toxic, environment-friendly and does not disturb the eco rhythm. Findings: Plant-based products can be utilized at post-harvest stage washing agents, botanical sanitizers, edible coatings (protein, lipid and starch-based, anti-microbial agents, cushioning materials during transport, preservatives and as control measure for storage diseases as various bioactive constituents. To minimize dependence on synthetic pesticides, the use of plant-based antimicrobial substances which includes essential oils, glucosinolates, volatile compounds, acetaldehydes and jasmonates at various stages of plant growth may help in the management of crops, phytopathogens and pests in a very effective manner and will provide an alternative method for sustainable agriculture and opens up a new dimension of research for the scientists. Limitations: The author has used all the available resources but some excellent literature is still limited for including in the study due to non-availability to resources. Directions for future research: Plant-based products and botanical extracts opens up a new dimension of research. Scientists can easily utilize these for plant protection, cushioning, disease management during storage, extending the shelf-life. Scientists can standardize the edible coatings for various fruits, anti-bacterial, nano-emulsions based delivery of edible coating materials and aromatic extracts for disease management.
Postharvest Biology and Technology
Es-hagh Hamidi; Zeynab Roein; Mahnaz Karimi
Abstract
Purpose: Rose cut flowers have a short postharvest life, which can be increased using different treatments. Thus, an experiment was designed to determine the effect of hot water (one min) and chemical solutions (pulse treatment for 20 h) on the postharvest quality of cut rose flowers cv. Baraka. Research ...
Read More
Purpose: Rose cut flowers have a short postharvest life, which can be increased using different treatments. Thus, an experiment was designed to determine the effect of hot water (one min) and chemical solutions (pulse treatment for 20 h) on the postharvest quality of cut rose flowers cv. Baraka. Research Method: Hot water treatments contain 50, 55, and 60 °C, chemical treatments consist of catechol (5 and 10 mM), sodium azide (0.05 and 0.1 mM) and sodium metabisulfite (5 and 10 mM). Afterward, for the evaluation of associated traits with longevity, the flowers were kept in a vase solution containing sucrose (3%) and hydroxyquinoline (8-HQ at 200 mg. L-1). Findings: The results showed that the vase life of cut flowers extended about four days by the application of chemical treatments as compared with control. The maximum vase life (9.9 days) observed in 0.05 mM sodium azide and 10 mM catechol (9.7 days). Also, the vase life of cut flowers increased 3.7 days by hot water treatments (at 50 and 55 °C) in comparison to the control. Moreover, the results revealed that the catechol, sodium azide and sodium metabisulphite treatments delayed flower senescence and maintained leaf chlorophyll and petal anthocyanin content. The lowest content of lignin was obtained in 10 mM catechol, and 0.1 mM sodium azide. Research limitations: There was no significant limitation to the report. Originality/Value: Overall, the results showed that catechol and sodium azide were the most effective treatments to increase the vase life of rose cut flowers.
Postharvest Biology and Technology
Motahareh Ershad Langroudi; Davood Hashemabadi; Sepideh Kalatejari; Leila Asadpour
Abstract
Purpose: In this study, the effects of different concentrations of salicylic acid on the physiological traits of Alstroemeria (Alstroemeria hybrida cv.ʻSummer Skyʼ) cut flowers during pre-harvest and postharvest applications are investigated. The aim of this study was to identify the best treatments ...
Read More
Purpose: In this study, the effects of different concentrations of salicylic acid on the physiological traits of Alstroemeria (Alstroemeria hybrida cv.ʻSummer Skyʼ) cut flowers during pre-harvest and postharvest applications are investigated. The aim of this study was to identify the best treatments and methods affecting the vase life of cut Alstroemeria flowers. Research Method: The study was performed as a factorial experiment based on a completely randomized design using three replications in each combination/mixed treatment. The factors comprised of the pre-harvest foliar and post-harvest (pulsing 24h and continuous) applications of salicylic acid at two concentrations of 30, 200 ppm (SA1) and 50, 300 ppm (SA2), respectively. Findings: The vase life, chlorophylls a, b, and total, relative fresh weight, SOD activity, and the percentages of dry matter and the absorption of preservative solution were evaluated. The results showed that using high concentrations of salicylic acid (SA2) significantly increased the vase life of Alstroemeria. The pre-harvest foliar application of a 300 ppm of salicylic acid would be useful in prolonging the vase life of cut Alstroemeriaflowers and thus would help to reduce the losses caused by the rapid senescence of petals which will lead to an increase in the quality of appearance and economic value. Research limitations: There was no significant limitation to be reported. Originality/Value: The positive impact of salicylic acid (50 ppm) in the pre-harvest method (B) was found, and its application improved the vase life of cut Alstroemeria flowers, which should be taken into consideration for commercial uses.
Postharvest Biology and Technology
Farzaneh Hamedi Sarkomi; Farid Moradinezhad; Mehdi Khayyat
Abstract
Purpose: Quality loss is high in pomegranate due to physiological disorders occurred during growth and developmental stages of fruit in main production areas in Iran. Research method: we evaluated the effects of preharvest fruit bagging time (July and August), and bag color (white and brown) on sunburn, ...
Read More
Purpose: Quality loss is high in pomegranate due to physiological disorders occurred during growth and developmental stages of fruit in main production areas in Iran. Research method: we evaluated the effects of preharvest fruit bagging time (July and August), and bag color (white and brown) on sunburn, cracking, anthocyanin content, and quality of pomegranate fruit. This experiment was carried out on eight-year-old pomegranate trees cv. Shishe-Kab in an orchard located in Ferdows, South Khorasan province, Iran. Main findings: The results showed that the maximum (90%) and minimum (25%) sunburn percentage was observed in control (non-bagged fruits) and white-bagged fruits at August (WBA), respectively. Similarly, the highest percentage of cracking (65%) and the lowest (5%) was obtained in control and WBA, respectively. Non-bagged fruits showed the highest (23.61 mg-1) anthocyanin, and the lowest rate (13.55 mg-1) observed in brown-bagged fruit in July (BBJ). The brightness (L) of the peel color of brown-bagged fruit in August (BBA) was the highest while the lowest L value obtained in control and white-bagged fruits in July (WBJ). Bagging did not change the weight, volume, and pH of pomegranate juice. Interestingly, bagging in both white and brown bag effectively reduced fruit sunburn and cracking and decreased the total damaged fruits, particularly when fruits were bagged in August, as compared with non-bagged control. Research limitations: No limitations were founded. Originality/Value: The results suggest that proper pre-harvest bagging to improve the quality and reduce losses of pomegranate fruit cv. Shishe-Kab.
Postharvest Biology and Technology
Reza Rahimi; Babak ValizadehKaji; Ali Khadivi; Iman Shahrjerdi
Abstract
Purpose: Peach is a climacteric fruit which have rapid ripening. An alternative to maintain quality and extend the shelf life of this fruit could be the use of edible coatings. Research Method: In the present study, the effect of three different coatings; 0.5% chitosan, 200 mg L-1 thymol essential oil ...
Read More
Purpose: Peach is a climacteric fruit which have rapid ripening. An alternative to maintain quality and extend the shelf life of this fruit could be the use of edible coatings. Research Method: In the present study, the effect of three different coatings; 0.5% chitosan, 200 mg L-1 thymol essential oil and their combined use on postharvest quality of peach fruits cv. ‘Zaferani’ were investigated. Dipping fruits in distilled water was used as a control. Changes in weight loss, fruit firmness, total soluble solids (TSS), sensory attributes, decay incidence, anthocyanin and carotenoid content of fruits were evaluated after 10, 15, 20, 25 and 30 days of storage at 6 °C. Findings: The results showed that the combination treatment of chitosan and thymol presented more effective preservative effect than chitosan or thymol coatings alone. The coated fruits with 0.5% chitosan + 200 mg L-1 thymol showed significantly lower weight loss, fungal decay and TSS than control treatment. Furthermore, the coated fruits with 0.5% chitosan + 200 mg L-1 thymol exhibited significantly higher firmness, anthocyanin and carotenoid content and sensory characteristics than untreated control. In addition, the highest shelf life (28.33 days) was recorded in combination treatment of chitosan and thymol. Research limitations: No limitations were founded. Originality/Value: The coating composed of chitosan and thymol essential oil can provide an efficient alternative for quality maintenance and shelf life extension of peach fruits.
Postharvest Biology and Technology
James Machingura
Abstract
Purpose: The control of stored-grain insect pests is predominantly done through the use of synthetic insecticides. However, the extensive and constant (mis)use of these chemicals has brought complications that include faster evolution of resistant forms of pests, hence a global call for alternative ...
Read More
Purpose: The control of stored-grain insect pests is predominantly done through the use of synthetic insecticides. However, the extensive and constant (mis)use of these chemicals has brought complications that include faster evolution of resistant forms of pests, hence a global call for alternative control measures to reduce chemical applications. The aim of this research was to evaluate the repellent and toxic effects of E. citriodora leaf powder on adult P. truncatus and Sitophilus zeamais. Research Method: A completely randomized design was adopted in all the experiments. A choice test arena was set up to evaluate repellent effects of E. citriodora leaf powder on P. truncatus and S. zeamais. The toxic effect of E. citriodora was also evaluated, with untreated grain and conventional insecticides used as negative and positive controls, respectively. Findings: Results showed that E. citriodora leaf powder had repellent properties of up to 68.9% against both P. truncatus and S. zeamais populations. Nonetheless, low adult P. truncatus mortalities were recorded when the protective effects of the E. citriodora leaf powder (at the rate of 10% w/w) were tested against the beetle. Additionally, the efficacy of the synthetic insecticides was relatively higher when applied singly than when in combination with E. citriodora leaf powder. Research limitations: Time was the major limiting factor to consider other parts of E. citriodora plant (e.g. roots) on their usefulness in stored-product insect pest management. Originality/Value: Small plantations of E. citriodora may be established to offer a temporary grain protection against primary insect pests.
Postharvest Biology and Technology
Lisa Kitinoja; Olubukola Odeyemi; Neeru Dubey; Solange Musanase; Gurbinder Singh Gill
Abstract
Purpose: This study was conducted to identify and quantify the main causes and sources of losses in the tomato postharvest chain from harvest to retail market and identify appropriate interventions for reducing these losses in Nigeria, Rwanda and India. Research method: Modified Commodity Systems ...
Read More
Purpose: This study was conducted to identify and quantify the main causes and sources of losses in the tomato postharvest chain from harvest to retail market and identify appropriate interventions for reducing these losses in Nigeria, Rwanda and India. Research method: Modified Commodity Systems Assessment Methodology on tomato was conducted in the study area during the July - August 2017 harvest season. Findings: Generally, production is increasing with high postharvest losses. Tomato postharvest losses were uniformly high on the farm during harvest but generally lower during marketing in India than in Rwanda or Nigeria. Nigeria loses 10-40% of tomato produced from the farm to the retail market due to poor handling and unavailability of storage facilities. In Rwanda, tomato losses were exceedingly high, reaching 50 to 60%. These losses begin with the use of poor quality seeds to rough handling and use of inappropriate packaging materials. Losses in India varied between 1-18% mainly due to pest and disease attack and low price realization during glut season. However, in India, improved practices have been widely adopted on farm to retail market. Limitations: Resources were limited, so a single two week time period were randomly selected to conduct each of the studies which focused on one state, district or region, so data cannot be used to describe losses for the entire country. Originality/Value: These studies identified priority tomato postharvest problems, key issues that currently limit market access, earnings for small farmers and rural marketer, training and advocacy issues for the three countries.
Postharvest Biology and Technology
Farid Moradinezhad; Mehdi Khayyat; Fatemeh Ranjbari; Zahra Maraki
Abstract
Purpose: Pomegranate fruit is highly susceptible to water loss and chilling injuries during postharvest cold storage. Thus an experiment was conducted to evaluate the effects of modified atmosphere packaging on pomegranate shelf life and chilling resistance under cold storage. Research method: Treatments ...
Read More
Purpose: Pomegranate fruit is highly susceptible to water loss and chilling injuries during postharvest cold storage. Thus an experiment was conducted to evaluate the effects of modified atmosphere packaging on pomegranate shelf life and chilling resistance under cold storage. Research method: Treatments were vacuum packed and unpacked fruits (control) that were stored in a cold room at 5 ± 0.5 °C and 80 ± 5% RH. At the end of each storage period (30, 40, 50, 70, 90 and 130 days), packed fruits were assessed for physicochemical and quality parameters while control fruit were assessed after 90 days of storage. Findings: Results showed that packaging improves TSS/TA, and some color attributes, and decreased anthocyanin, total acidity, weight loss, electrolyte leakage, chilling injury index and unmarketable fruits. Evaluation of traits in different durations showed that vacuum packaging significantly reduced weight loss, electrolyte leakage, chilling injury index, and interestingly decreased the number of unmarketable fruits by 30%, compared with control. Anthocyanin contents significantly decreased since day 70 of storage. The a* and chroma values of peel significantly increased in packaging treatments as storage period progressed, however, hue value significantly decreased, compared with control. Research limitations: There was no significant limitation to report. Originality/Value: The results suggest that bulk vacuum packaging can be used for up to 3 months to successfully alleviate chilling injury, reduce weight loss and the postharvest losses, and to extend the storage life of pomegranate fruit during cold storage.
