Postharvest Biology and Technology
Ahad Sheikh Yousefi; Orang Khademi; Ayatollah Rezaei
Abstract
Purpose: Highly perishable tomatoes face rapid deterioration at postharvest. This study investigated the effect of methylcellulose (MC) edible coating and citrus essential oil (EO) on disease control and postharvest quality preservation of tomatoes. Research Method: The experimental factors included ...
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Purpose: Highly perishable tomatoes face rapid deterioration at postharvest. This study investigated the effect of methylcellulose (MC) edible coating and citrus essential oil (EO) on disease control and postharvest quality preservation of tomatoes. Research Method: The experimental factors included MC at three levels (0, 0.5, and 1% (w/v)), citrus EO (control, orange, and sour orange EO, at concentration of (1 g/L), and studying time (ST) (7, 14, and 21 days). The treated fruits were stored at 10°C with RH over 80±5% and evaluated for disease severity and other fruit quality attributes during storage. Findings: The results showed that both MC and EO treatments effectively controlled tomato fruit disease and maintained its marketability throughout the experiment, with the combination of these treatments yielding better results. The applied treatments, especially 1% MC, reduced weight loss compared to control. The results indicated increase in coloring of samples during the experiment. The firmness of the fruit tissue decreased over time, and the EO treatment proved to be more effective than MC in preserving fruit firmness. Applying MC and EO treatments, either alone or in combination, preserved total soluble solids compared to the control samples. Research limitations: No limitations were encountered. Originality/Value: Based on the results of this experiment, incorporating EO into MC edible coating showed promise in extending the shelf life of tomatoes by controlling weight loss, rate of metabolism, and disease severity. This approach offers a sustainable and effective alternative to traditional chemical treatments while providing consumers with a healthier and more flavorful product.
Postharvest Biology and Technology
Md. Rukunuzzaman; Md. Atikur Rahman; Mst. Ananya Khatun; Mosa. Lajina Begum; Nazmin Akter; Md. Tariqul Islam
Abstract
Purpose: Mango shelf life has significance for both market availability and long-distance transportation. So, effective treatments of postharvest are vital for maintaining the climacteric character of mangoes by limiting postharvest losses during storage. Research method: A total of 96 physiologically ...
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Purpose: Mango shelf life has significance for both market availability and long-distance transportation. So, effective treatments of postharvest are vital for maintaining the climacteric character of mangoes by limiting postharvest losses during storage. Research method: A total of 96 physiologically mature mango fruits (8 fruits in each replication) were taken. This study assessed the effect of Aloe vera gel (1:1 AVG), chitosan (1.5% CTS), and combinations (CTS+AVG) on mango shelf life and postharvest features following 16 days at ambient storage (28±3°C and 80±5% RH). The experiment was conducted using completely randomized design. Findings: The results demonstrated that either CTS or AVG had a positive effect compared to control on different parameters but their combinations was considerably superior treatment equated to the control in terms of weight loss (13.09, 20.03%), reduced respiration rate (11.22, 19.89 mlCO2/kg/h), ethylene production (0.50, 0.56 µl/kg/h), total soluble solids (17.33, 22.23 oBrix), pH (5.86, 7.40) and decay percentage (13.14, 27.64%). Fruit quality metrics were all higher when CTS+AVG was used than the control, such as titratable acidity (0.66, 0.61), fruit firmness (28.61, 21.95 N/m2), ascorbic acid (14.52, 10.84 mg/100g), total phenolic content (112.99, 80.02 mg GAE/100g) and antioxidant activity (274.86, 196.65 µmol/g). Coated fruits exhibited a considerable reduction in polyphenol oxidase (PPO) (5.49, 7.87 U/mg FW), while higher levels of catalase (CAT) (0.54, 0.45 U/mg FW) and peroxidase (POD) (0.75, 0.70 U/mg FW) enzyme activity. During storage, coated fruit peels exhibited notably less discoloration than control fruits. Research limitations: In future, mechanism of CTS and AVG for prolonging shelf life of mangoes will be revealed using molecular approach. Originality/Value: These results suggest that chitosan (CTS) and Aloe vera gel (AVG) coatings combined can preserve ‘Mishribhog’ mango shelf life and postharvest quality for 16 days during ambient storage.
Postharvest Biology and Technology
Alex Guimarães Sanches; Elem Maria Ferreira Feitosa
Abstract
Purpose: Climacteric metabolism makes papaya (Carica papaya L) a highly perishable fruit, especially under ambient conditions. Considering that few retail outlets (markets) have a cold chain for storage, it is necessary to evaluate technologies to extend the commercial shelf life of this fruit under ...
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Purpose: Climacteric metabolism makes papaya (Carica papaya L) a highly perishable fruit, especially under ambient conditions. Considering that few retail outlets (markets) have a cold chain for storage, it is necessary to evaluate technologies to extend the commercial shelf life of this fruit under ambient conditions. Thus, the objective of this research was to evaluate the effect of arginine application to delay ripening and preserve the physicochemical quality of papaya during storage under ambient conditions. Research method: Physiologically ripe ‘Hawaii’ papayas (stage 1) were harvested from a commercial orchard, selected (physiological injuries, pests and diseases), sanitized in a chloride solution and sprayed with solutions containing distilled water (control) and arginine (25 mg.L-1) determined in preliminary tests. They were then placed on benches and kept under ambient conditions (28 ± 2 °C and 85 ± 5 % RH) for a period of 7 days with quality assessments performed daily. Findings: Spraying a solution containing arginine (25 mg.L-1) significantly delayed the ripening of papayas, corroborated by reduced respiratory activity and ethylene production, the effects of which were observed in delayed chlorophyll loss in the peel, reduced mass loss, maintenance of firmness, reduction in total soluble solids accumulation and titratable acidity, in addition to reduced degradation of vitamin C and lycopene. Research limitations: Understanding the biochemical mechanism of arginine in the regulation of ripening. Originality/Value: The results of this study provide the producer/trader with a viable and easy-to- apply technology to ensure a product with a longer marketing period and quality for the final consumer.
Postharvest Biology and Technology
Farid Moradinezhad; Nida Firdous
Abstract
Purpose: Temperate fruits not only provide essential nutrients but also contribute to the diversity and sustainability of horticultural production systems worldwide. The total production of fruits, increased during the past twenty years. However, postharvest losses of fruits due to spoilage, decay, and ...
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Purpose: Temperate fruits not only provide essential nutrients but also contribute to the diversity and sustainability of horticultural production systems worldwide. The total production of fruits, increased during the past twenty years. However, postharvest losses of fruits due to spoilage, decay, and physiological deterioration pose a significant challenge to the global food supply chain, which leads to a decline in fruit quantity and quality after harvest. Findings: Edible coatings have emerged as a sustainable solution for extending the shelf life of fruits while reducing postharvest losses. The use of edible coatings is not only environmentally friendly but also addresses consumer demands for natural, safe, and healthy food products obtained through minimal processing. A wide array of edible coating materials is available, each possessing unique properties that influence their effectiveness in preserving fruits. The specific composition and application of edible coatings play a crucial role in their effectiveness in inhibiting microbial growth, reducing enzymatic browning, and maintaining the sensory quality of the fruits. Limitations: No limitations were found. Directions for future research: Future research should focus on exploring and developing new, sustainable, and biodegradable coating materials derived from renewable sources. Additionally, incorporating nanotechnology into edible coatings can enhance their properties, such as improved barrier properties, controlled release of active compounds, and enhanced antimicrobial activity. Continued research and innovation in this area hold significant promise for reducing postharvest losses, improving food security, and promoting sustainable agricultural practices. This review summarizes recent advances in different edible coating materials and their uses in prolonging shelf life and decreasing postharvest losses of important temperate fresh/fresh-cut fruits worldwide.
Postharvest Biology and Technology
W. A. Harindra Champa; Aruna D. Weerasooriya
Abstract
Purpose: Use plant-based edible coatings (PBECs) for maintaining quality of fresh fruits and vegetables (FFVs) are trending upward. Compared to modified atmosphere packaging they eliminate the use of non-biodegradable polyethylene films. Therefore, the present study aimed to bring a comprehensive systematic ...
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Purpose: Use plant-based edible coatings (PBECs) for maintaining quality of fresh fruits and vegetables (FFVs) are trending upward. Compared to modified atmosphere packaging they eliminate the use of non-biodegradable polyethylene films. Therefore, the present study aimed to bring a comprehensive systematic review of the published literature on plant- based edible coatings (PBECs) for quality maintenance and extension of postharvest life FFVs. Findings: The results revealed that PBECs are a better alternative to other protective films and packaging materials that utilize non-biodegradable polyethylene films or inorganic chemicals which pose negative impact on both consumers and environment. A wide range of ingredients including biopolymers, leaf extracts, plant waxes, essential oils, and plant byproducts have been intensively researched for their potential applications in the development of edible coatings. The coating treatments significantly retarded the rates of respiration and ethylene emission, activated antioxidative defense mechanisms, suppressed cell wall degrading enzymes, and retarded colour deterioration; all of which led to protecting the biochemical and organoleptic properties of FFVs. Limitations: Food items, when coated with some of the edible coatings, alterations of flavour and degradation of their properties upon exposure to light, oxygen & high temperature have been noted. Further, poor stability of the developed emulsion resulting inconsistencies in their effectiveness have been reported. Conclusions: In conclusion, PBECs could be considered as promising eco and consumer friendly strategy for maintaining and extending the postharvest life of FFVs. Future trends: It seems imperative to focus more on the development of composite coatings to enrich nutraceutical attributes of FFVs. Improving the efficacy of mode of action of the developed formulae alongside enhancing its stabilization and prevention of alterations in flavour when coated are critically important.
Postharvest Biology and Technology
Nasiru Alhassan
Abstract
Purpose: This study determined whether postharvest application with low 3,6-dichloro-o-anisic acid concentration could inhibit calyx senescence and preserve internal and external qualities of Valencia Late oranges during extended storage. Research method: The experiments were conducted using a completely ...
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Purpose: This study determined whether postharvest application with low 3,6-dichloro-o-anisic acid concentration could inhibit calyx senescence and preserve internal and external qualities of Valencia Late oranges during extended storage. Research method: The experiments were conducted using a completely randomized design with three replicates of 50 fruits for each treatment. The oranges fruits were dipped in four treatment concentrations; control (0), 0.01, 0.03, or 0.05 mmol L-1 in experiment 1, and control (0), 0.003, and 0.01 mmol L-1 in experiment 2 for one minute. Post-treatment, the oranges were kept in solid cardboard boxes as individual treatment units (n = 50 fruits) with three units comprising a treatment and held at an ambient temperature (25 ± 2°C) and a 60%–65% RH. Oranges were evaluated every seven days for four weeks. Findings: The results showed that fruit dipped at 0.01 mmol L-1 for both experiments resulted in lower calyx browning and drop, weight loss, and fruit firmness compared to control and higher dicamba concentrations. Moreover, the treatment delayed the increase in total soluble solids and the decrease in titratable acidity, slowing the maturation rate. Research limitation: This study could not evaluate fruit carbon dioxide and ethylene production during storage to understand their impact on other quality changes due to lack of Gas Chromatography machines in the resident laboratory. Originality/Value: The results demonstrate the effects of dicamba treatments in delaying detrimental calyx changes and retaining fruit integrity during storage.
Postharvest Biology and Technology
Nishat Jahan Nitu; Md. Sefat Ullah; Prianka Howlader; Md. Nazmul Hasan Mehedi; Habiba Zannat Meem; Santosh Kumar Bose
Abstract
Purpose: Mango is one of the most important and widely cultivated climacteric fruit which ripens rapidly after harvesting. It exhibits very short shelf life mainly due to high respiration rate, susceptible to various storage pathogens and mechanical injuries at the time of postharvest management which ...
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Purpose: Mango is one of the most important and widely cultivated climacteric fruit which ripens rapidly after harvesting. It exhibits very short shelf life mainly due to high respiration rate, susceptible to various storage pathogens and mechanical injuries at the time of postharvest management which lead to reduce the quality. However, the experiment was carried out to investigate the chitosan oligosaccharides (COS) coating effects on postharvest quality and shelf life of mango varieties. Research Method: Mango fruits of two selected varieties (Langra and Amropali) were collected at mature stage. Changes in different physico-chemical characteristics were studied at different days of storage under ordinary room condition through different COS concentration viz., control, COS 25 mg/L, COS 50 mg/L, COS 100 mg/L, COS 250 mg/L and COS 500 mg/L. The two factor-experiments were laid out in a completely randomized design with three replications. Findings: Results demonstrated that COS had a positive effect on retaining higher amount of anthocyanin content, total sugar and total soluble solid content. Moreover, COS treated fruits exhibited significant delays of firmness, weight loss percentage, titratable acidity, pH and vitamin C content compared to untreated fruits. In addition, between two varieties of mango, Langra exhibited better performance compared to Amropali when treated with COS 100 mg/L. Research Limitations: The study did not focus on ethylene biosynthesis and respiration rate determination. Originality/Value: COS 100mg/L have great potentiality to maintain postharvest quality and increase shelf life of mango which could be applied commercially for preservation of mango in an ecofriendly manner.
Postharvest Biology and Technology
Soheila Aghaei Dargiri; Somayeh Rastegar; Mahbobeh Mohammadi
Abstract
Purpose: The limited shelf life of Mexican lime fruits when stored under ambient conditions is a significant challenge. The progressive color alteration and loss of freshness can lead to reduced marketability and increased its waste. Research Method: The objective of this research was to preserve ...
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Purpose: The limited shelf life of Mexican lime fruits when stored under ambient conditions is a significant challenge. The progressive color alteration and loss of freshness can lead to reduced marketability and increased its waste. Research Method: The objective of this research was to preserve the storage quality of Mexican lime fruit by employing chitosan 1.5%, chitosan 1.5% + spirulina algae (Sp) (1%), and Moringa oleifera (Mo) leaf extracts (1%) at 20 ± 2 °C and 50-60% relative humidity for 24 days. Findings: The findings indicated that the samples coated with chitosan + Sp experienced a significantly lower weight loss compared to the control (19.8%) fruit after 24 days of storage, with a weight loss of 16.4%. A significant difference was observed between the control and treated fruit in terms of a* color parameter, with the highest value found in the control group (2.5) and the lowest value found in the chitosan-treated group (-6.7). The treated fruit exhibited significantly higher levels of phenol and flavonoid content compared to the control group. After the 24 days of storage, the chitosan 1.5% + Sp treatment displayed the highest antioxidant activity (88.66%), followed closely by the chitosan + Mo treatment (88.76%), while the control group exhibited the lowest antioxidant activity (78.75%). The treatments exhibited a significant decrease in polyphenol oxidase (PPO) enzyme activity compared to the control group, accompanied by an increase in the activity of peroxidase (POD) and catalase (CAT) enzymes. Research limitations: There was no limitation. Originality/value: Generally, the utilization of chitosan edible coatings, specifically chitosan combined with spirulina algae, has shown promising results in preserving the quality and extending the shelf life of Mexican lime fruit stored at 20 ± 2 °C.
Postharvest Biology and Technology
Elhadi M. Yahia; Jose de Jesús Ornelas-Paz; Claudia Inés Victoria-Campos
Abstract
Purpose: Changes in color, vitamin C, b-carotene, lycopene, a- and d-tocopherol were followed during ripening and senescence of mature-green tomatoes (Lycopersicon esculentum Mill cv. Rhapsody) maintained at 22 °C and 85% RH for up to 5 weeks. Research method: Tomatoes were harvested at the ...
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Purpose: Changes in color, vitamin C, b-carotene, lycopene, a- and d-tocopherol were followed during ripening and senescence of mature-green tomatoes (Lycopersicon esculentum Mill cv. Rhapsody) maintained at 22 °C and 85% RH for up to 5 weeks. Research method: Tomatoes were harvested at the mature-green stage and valuated for color and the content of selected bioactive compounds (β-carotene, lycopene, α- and δ- tocopherols and vitamin C) during simulated retail market conditions (22 °C and 85% RH for 5 weeks). Findings: The tested tomato cultivar had a long postharvest life under the tested conditions, as the fruit maintained in edible conditions during the whole storage period. Vitamin C, lycopene, a- and d-tocopherol presented their highest values after about 14 to 18 days after harvest, and b-carotene maintained a maximum content (0.84 mg/100 g) 8 days after harvest. The maximum content of vitamin C, lycopene, a- and d-tocopherol were 0.036, 30, 0.27 and 0.0045 mg 100 g-1 of fresh tissue, respectively. Our results indicate that 'Rhapsody' tomatoes harvested at the mature-green stage have shown important levels of vitamin E (tocopherols), C, and carotenoids (lycopene and b-carotene) after 14 to 17 days from harvest. Research limitations: There were no limitations. Originality/Value: This study evaluated the changes in the content of bioactive compounds in long shelf life tomatoes, of great importance for human health, for up to 5 weeks to determine the ideal moment for their consumption.
Postharvest Biology and Technology
Farid Moradinezhad; Maryam Dorostkar; Razieh Niazmand; Gholamreza Doraki
Abstract
Purpose: There is no report regarding the physicochemical properties of dried barberry fruits from main production regions of the South Khorasan Province, Iran. Research Method: Therefore, we investigated the nutritional quality and bioactive compounds of dried, seedless barberry fruits from different ...
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Purpose: There is no report regarding the physicochemical properties of dried barberry fruits from main production regions of the South Khorasan Province, Iran. Research Method: Therefore, we investigated the nutritional quality and bioactive compounds of dried, seedless barberry fruits from different regions of South Khorasan Province, Iran. Dried barberries were evaluated after being purchased and collected. Findings: The highest total soluble solids (TSS) and the highest taste index (TSS/TA) were obtained for the barberries from the Birjand region, which indicates that the barberries from this region have better and sweeter tastes than those from other regions. However, the barberry fruits of the Qaen region had the greatest amount of titratable acidity (TA) and the lowest amount of TSS, which indicates that the fruits of this region are more sour than those of other regions. The examination of color indices (L*, a*, b*, Hue and chroma) showed that the lowest values of a* (redness) and chroma were related to the dried barberry of the Darmian region. Additionally, the highest total phenol content and anthocyanin content were detected in fruits from the Birjand region. However, barberry fruits from the Darmian region had the lowest phenol content and the lowest levels of anthocyanin and vitamin C. Positive strong correlations revealed between anthocyanin and TSS (r = 0.82), anthocyanin and phenol (r =0.95), anthocyanin and vitamin C (r =0.77), and anthocyanin and chroma (r =0.81). Research limitations: No limitations were found. Originality/Value: In general, it can be concluded that the dry, seedless barberry fruits from the Birjand region had higher quality and nutritional value than those from other regions. Nevertheless, the barberries of the Zirkoh and Qaen regions also had acceptable quality and nutritional value. However, it seems necessary to control and review the storage and drying conditions of barberry fruits in the Darmian region.
Postharvest Biology and Technology
Alex Guimarães Sanches; Elem Maria Ferreira Feitosa
Abstract
Purpose: Guava is a tropical and subtropical fruit recognized for its nutritional quality. However, o it is a climacteric fruit, that is, with high respiratory activity and ethylene production during ripening, it becomes extremely perishable under environmental conditions, requiring conservation technologies ...
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Purpose: Guava is a tropical and subtropical fruit recognized for its nutritional quality. However, o it is a climacteric fruit, that is, with high respiratory activity and ethylene production during ripening, it becomes extremely perishable under environmental conditions, requiring conservation technologies that allow its commercialization without compromising post-harvest quality during storage. Therefore, the objective of this study was to evaluate the effect of plant regulators (gibberellic acid – GA3 and ethephon) on ripening and quality preservation during storage at room temperature. Research method: Physiologically mature guavas (stage 3) were harvested in a commercial orchard, selected and sanitized in a chlorinated solution, and immersed in the following solutions: distilled water (control), GA3, and ethephon (150 mg.L-1) for a period of 10 minutes and subsequently stored under room temperature conditions (28 ± 2 ºC) for 12 days with physical-chemical quality assessments carried out every three days. Findings: Treatment with GA3 provided lower values of mass loss, soluble solids, titratable acidity, and total sugars, in addition to higher values of firmness and vitamin C of the fruits analyzed, while the opposite effect was observed in guavas treated with ethephon. In general, the postharvest application of GA3 delays ripening, making it possible to extend marketing for up to 9 days, on the other hand, ethephon anticipates ripening, making them fully ripe after 6 days of storage. Research limitations: There were no limitations to carrying out this research. Originality/Value: This research's results support staggering the ripening of guava over time, allowing the fruit's commercialization period to be extended.
Postharvest Biology and Technology
Emmanuel Bwade Kefas; Bashir Aliyu; Yakubu Ibrahim Tashiwa
Abstract
Purpose: The study aimed to provide an overview of tomato loss during road transportation with specific interest in the causes of the postharvest loss, postharvest loss mitigation measures, as well as research focus and trends over the past few decades. Findings: Transport conditions significantly affect ...
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Purpose: The study aimed to provide an overview of tomato loss during road transportation with specific interest in the causes of the postharvest loss, postharvest loss mitigation measures, as well as research focus and trends over the past few decades. Findings: Transport conditions significantly affect tomato quality, influenced by factors like vehicle specifications and road conditions, which contribute to mechanical damage. Post-harvest losses stem from various factors such as the usage of inadequate harvesting tools, inefficient handling and transport equipment, usage of inappropriate packaging materials, poor temperature management and rough handling of fresh fruits as well as substandard road infrastructure. These issues collectively result in substantial losses, reaching up to 60%, notably impacting developing countries. Limitations: The study focused on existing literature published in English. Consequently, it may not offer a comprehensive overview, as other studies with abundant information on the subject might be written in languages not covered by this study’s language restriction. Directions for future research: Future research should prioritize investigating the impact of mechanical stress, such as vibration and impact loads, experienced by fruits like fresh tomatoes during road transport and material handling. Additionally, there is a need to assess the effectiveness of different packaging materials in safeguarding transported tomatoes against mechanical stress.
Postharvest Biology and Technology
Komal Mahajan; Mehul Chudasama
Abstract
Purpose: This study examined the influence of various storage conditions on Thompson seedless (Vitis vinifera) grapes quality. Research method: Grapes were stored under four conditions: control (room temperature i.e., 20-22°C, no SO2), T1 with SO2 sheets at room temperature i.e., 20-22°C, T2 ...
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Purpose: This study examined the influence of various storage conditions on Thompson seedless (Vitis vinifera) grapes quality. Research method: Grapes were stored under four conditions: control (room temperature i.e., 20-22°C, no SO2), T1 with SO2 sheets at room temperature i.e., 20-22°C, T2 with SO2 sheets in cold storage at 1°C and T3 without SO2 sheets in cold storage at 1°C. Changes in acidity, total soluble solids (TSS), total anthocyanin content, total phenols, sugars (glucose and fructose), trans-resveratrol, decay %, weight loss % and antioxidant activity were monitored over 60 days. Findings: The findings revealed a synergistic effect between SO2 and cold storage. Grapes stored with both SO2 sheets and cold storage (T1) exhibited the slowest decline in anthocyanin, phenols and antioxidant activity of 211.06 mg/L, 2102.39 mg/L and 7.19 mM DPPH, respectively after 60 days. T1 grapes found to have slower reduction in sugars and trans-resveratrol concentration i.e., 15.47 to 15.37 g/100mL and 695 to 516 µg/g, respectively compared to control samples 15.47 to 14.81 g/100mL and 695 to 500 µg/g, respectively. Research limitations: The study focused solely on storage conditions of Thompson seedless variety grapes, limiting the generalizability of the findings to different grape varieties and maturity levels. Originality/value: These results highlighted the importance of proper storage techniques, particularly the combined use of SO2 and cold storage, for maintaining grape quality and extending shelf life.
Postharvest Biology and Technology
Pornanan Boonkorn
Abstract
Purpose: Sawdust, a by-product of wood workplaces, poses environmental contamination and reduces workspace efficiency. This research aimed at recycling sawdust from rain tree by incorporating its extracts into gelatin films to create active films with antifungal properties against Aspergillus flavus. ...
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Purpose: Sawdust, a by-product of wood workplaces, poses environmental contamination and reduces workspace efficiency. This research aimed at recycling sawdust from rain tree by incorporating its extracts into gelatin films to create active films with antifungal properties against Aspergillus flavus. Research method: Sawdust was extracted by microwave with various solvents and electrical powers. The extract (0, 0.25, 0.5, 1, and 2%) were then tested for A. flavus inhibition. The extract was also incorporated with gelatin for making wrapped films and tested for inhibition potential on garlic inoculated with A. flavus. Findings: The optimal microwave extraction condition utilized a solvent mixture comprising distilled water and 95% ethanol in a 1:1 v/v ratio, applying 100 watts of electrical power for 30 seconds, repeated 5 times. This method yielded 23.26 mg/g of tannin. Furthermore, the 2% concentration of the extract significantly inhibited both mycelium growth and spore germination of A. flavus (P<0.05) when tested on a petri dish. Additionally, incorporating 2% of the crude extract into gelatin film resulted in the most favorable outcome. This treatment demonstrated the capability to prolong the shelf life of wounded-inoculated garlic for more than 12 days. Research limitations: No limitations were found. Originality/Value: Sawdust originating from a rain tree can be recycled biodegrable actine gelatin films against A. flavus, a field-bomepathogen in garlic.
Postharvest Biology and Technology
Nasim Rastgoo; Somayeh Rastegar; Abbas Rohani
Abstract
Purpose: Lemon (Citrus limon) is a highly important citrus species worldwide. However, its semi-tropical nature makes it susceptible to chilling, extensive research on postharvest treatments to preserve its quality under low temperatures. Research Method: The treatments included 500 μM melatonin ...
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Purpose: Lemon (Citrus limon) is a highly important citrus species worldwide. However, its semi-tropical nature makes it susceptible to chilling, extensive research on postharvest treatments to preserve its quality under low temperatures. Research Method: The treatments included 500 μM melatonin (M), 50 μM methyl jasmonate (J), and 5 mM gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA). Lemons stored at 3 ± 1°C and a relative humidity of 85-95% for 100 days plus 5-day shelf life. Findings: The results revealed that most of the experimental treatments, except for the combination of GABA + J and GABA + J + M, significantly reduced fruit weight loss. Notably, the melatonin treatment showed a 22.7% lower weight loss compared to the control fruits. Furthermore, the melatonin treatment exhibited the highest fruit firmness (49 N), while the control treatment had the lowest (36.3 N). Regarding the quality parameters, individual treatments, and the GABA + M treatment resulted in significantly higher total soluble solids (TSS) and a lower TSS/TA compared to the control at the end of the storage period. Except for the M + GABA and M + J treatments, all other treatments showed higher ascorbic acid content compared to the control. Additionally, the melatonin treatment showed significant differences in various color indices compared to the control. Research limitations: There was no limitation. Originality/Value: Overall, fruits treated with M, J, GABA, and GABA + M demonstrated higher marketability compared to the control and other treatments. Consequently, it is recommended to utilize these treatments individually rather than in combination to maintain the quality of lemon fruits.
Postharvest Biology and Technology
Weerahetti Arachchilage Buddhika Hanshani Hettiarachchi; Konara Mudiyanselage Shyamali Dilrukshika Sandarenu; Supurni Nimalshani Wiriththamulla Gamage; Rathnayake Mudiyanselage Tharangi Disnika Attanayake; Yapa Mudiyanselage Hasanika Madhubhashini Dasanayaka; Dharshani Dammika Kumari Galahitiyawa; Herath Mudiyanselage Prathibhani Chamidha Kumarihami
Abstract
Purpose: The effectiveness of the evaporative clay pot coolers was studied to preserve the postharvest quality of leafy vegetables, including kankun (Ipomoea aquatica), gotukola (Centella asiatica), lettuce (Lactuca sativa) and thampala (Amaranthus spp.). Research method: The bundles of leafy vegetables ...
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Purpose: The effectiveness of the evaporative clay pot coolers was studied to preserve the postharvest quality of leafy vegetables, including kankun (Ipomoea aquatica), gotukola (Centella asiatica), lettuce (Lactuca sativa) and thampala (Amaranthus spp.). Research method: The bundles of leafy vegetables weighed about 200 g and were stored for seven days under room temperature storage, refrigerated storage, and clay pot cooler storage. Findings: The average temperatures were 27.7 °C, 7.1 °C, and 25.6 °C, and relative humidity values were 76.1%, 58.2%, and 93.6% in room temperature storage, refrigerated storage, and clay pot cooler, respectively. The average cooling efficiency of clay pot coolers was 66.7%. The physiological weight losses of leafy vegetables were significantly reduced during clay pot cooler storage. The chlorophyll content, soluble solids content, color changes, and visual quality of leafy vegetables were significantly maintained in clay pot cooler storage compared to room temperature storage. Research limitations: The main limitation of this study was the seepage of water into the inner pot of the clay pot cooler which enhanced the decay of leafy vegetables. This was successfully controlled by avoiding overwatering the sand that was used as the lining material of the clay pot cooler. Originality/Value: The clay pot cooler is one of the alternative low-cost storage methods to preserve the quality of leafy vegetables during storage.
Postharvest Biology and Technology
Rubi Kumari Sah; Bidhan Bagale
Abstract
Purpose: The main objectives of this study were to find farmers’ handling practices on postharvest losses of potatoes, to estimate the post-harvest losses from farm gate to storage level and to know how the post-harvest losses were affected by the socio-demographic factors. Research method: The ...
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Purpose: The main objectives of this study were to find farmers’ handling practices on postharvest losses of potatoes, to estimate the post-harvest losses from farm gate to storage level and to know how the post-harvest losses were affected by the socio-demographic factors. Research method: The study was conducted in Dolakha, Nepal with 100 respondents selected by simple random sampling method. A semi-structured questionnaire was used to collect the primary data and MS Excel and SPSS were used for data analysis. Findings: Out of the total potatoes produced, 89.73% were utilized in various forms while the remaining 10.26% were lost due to poor post-harvest handling practices and lack of adequate cold storage facility. The farmers in the study area relied on practices, such as using spades for harvesting, week-long curing, traditional home storage, sorting and grading to remove the damaged ones, use of jute sacks, and overfilling and dragging of heavy bags. The post-harvest loss was significantly affected by age, gender, land size, and farming experience of farmers whereas the literacy level, ethnicity, and religion had no impact on it. Limitations: Transportation was a limitation because motorable roads were unavailable due to which farmers of distant areas couldn’t be included in the sampling frame. Originality/value: The study reported that only 3% of farmers had access to cold storage facilities and 10.26% of harvested potatoes were lost due to traditional post-harvest practices.
Postharvest Biology and Technology
Olufemi Bolarin; Gbolagade Benjamin Adesiji; Sijuade Adebukola Adebayo; Sola Emmanuel Komolafe
Abstract
Purpose: This study reported for the first time, the postharvest management practices and estimated lost by roadside orange sellers in Oyo state, Nigeria. Research Method: Multistage sampling procedure was employed to select 120 respondents. A structured questionnaire was used to collect data. Data collected ...
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Purpose: This study reported for the first time, the postharvest management practices and estimated lost by roadside orange sellers in Oyo state, Nigeria. Research Method: Multistage sampling procedure was employed to select 120 respondents. A structured questionnaire was used to collect data. Data collected for specific objectives were analyzed and presented in frequency, percentages, mean, and standard deviation while the multiple regression analysis was performed to assess hypothesis of the study. Findings: Results showed that the roadside orange sellers had low level of education as 25.0% had no formal education while 47.5% had primary education. Under tent/umbrella (60.8%) are the main tent used to display oranges long the roadside. High profitability (81.7%) was the leading factors motiving marketing of oranges along the road side. The marketers (95.8%) moderately used postharvest management practices (PHMPs). The orange sellers incurred high loss of oranges up to 14.2% stored. Unfavourable weather condition (x̄=2.12) was the lead constraints to use PHMPs. Multiple linear regression showed that years of experience, average number of orange stocked and age showed significant relationship with the use of PHMPs. Limitations: There was no limitation. Originality/Value: Roadside orange sellers in Oyo state, Nigeria were moderate users (95.8%) of postharvest management practices and incurred 14.2% lost.
Postharvest Biology and Technology
Sushmi Saha; Md. Zakir Hossen; Supti Mallick; Md. Shohidul Alam; Quazi Forhad Quadir
Abstract
Purpose: In Bangladesh, postharvest damage to various vegetables is common because of a lack of appropriate technologies. Country beans (Phaseolus lunatus L.), one of Bangladesh's main winter vegetables, are cultivated throughout the country, which provides numerous health advantages. A research experiment ...
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Purpose: In Bangladesh, postharvest damage to various vegetables is common because of a lack of appropriate technologies. Country beans (Phaseolus lunatus L.), one of Bangladesh's main winter vegetables, are cultivated throughout the country, which provides numerous health advantages. A research experiment was performed to measure the impact of chitosan covering on weight loss, shelf-life, and some nutritional characteristics of country beans at postharvest storage. Research Method: The experiment was set up in a completely randomized design (CRD) with three replications and four treatments at room temperature (≈23-25ºC), and the treatments were: T0 (control), T1 (coating with 0.10% solution), T2 (coating with 0.20% solution) and T3 (coating with 0.30% solution). Findings: The use of 0.20% chitosan prevented weight reduction by 1.59% as compared to the control and extended the shelf-life up to 23.3% in country beans at 10 and 12 days after postharvest storage (DAPS), respectively. Chlorophyll-a, chlorophyll-b and total chlorophyll contents varied from 0.75-1.59, 1.36-2.86 and 2.11-4.45 mg g-1 tissue at 5 DAPS and 0.61-1.26, 1.10-2.27 and 1.70-3.53 mg g-1 tissue at 10 DAPS, respectively. Chitosan treatment T2 significantly enhanced calcium (0.77%) and phosphorus (0.51%) contents in the country beans during postharvest storage at 5 DAPS. Additionally, treatment T3 significantly increased total phenolics (3.06 mg 100g-1 tissue) in the country beans during postharvest storage at the same DAPS. Research limitations: The study could not measure some traits (i.e., anti-radical activity, the activity of antioxidant enzymes, etc.) due to a lack of laboratory facilities. Originality/Value: This experiment revealed that country beans covered with 0.20% chitosan solutions could be utilized to enhance several nutritional properties, check weight loss, and prolong the shelf-life.
Postharvest Biology and Technology
Sarmin Afroz Supa; Prianka Howlader; Mohammad Ali; Rumina Afroz Rupa; Santosh Kumar Bose
Abstract
Purpose: Guava is believed to be the most important commercial fruit crop in Bangladesh. Guava fruit exhibit very short storage life mainly due to high respiration rate, susceptibility to various pathogens and mechanical damages which can rapidly reduce the quality. However, the experiment was conducted ...
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Purpose: Guava is believed to be the most important commercial fruit crop in Bangladesh. Guava fruit exhibit very short storage life mainly due to high respiration rate, susceptibility to various pathogens and mechanical damages which can rapidly reduce the quality. However, the experiment was conducted to study the edible coatings effects on postharvest quality and shelf life of guava. Research Method: Commercially mature guava fruits (Swarupkathi and Thai) were treated with six edible coatings viz., (i) T1 : Control, (ii) T2 : Aloe vera gel (25%), (iii) T3: Carboxy methyl cellulose (CMC) (1%), (iv) T4: Chitosan(1%), (v) T5: Aloe vera gel (25%) + Chitosan (1%) and (vi) T6: Green tea leaf extract. The two-factor experiment was designed with a Completely Randomized Design and three replications. Findings: The results showed that, Thai Piara with Chitosan 1% treatment recorded the minimum weight loss (6.28%), the highest vitamin C content (191.44 mg/100gFW), the lowest pH (5.30), the maximum total soluble solids content (6.77 oBrix) and the highest titratable acidity (2.04%) at 10 days after storage compare to untreated Swarupkathi piara. Thai Piara treated with Aloe vera gel 25 % + Chitosan 1% exhibited the highest shelf life (13.00 days) followed by (12.67) in Chitosan (1%) treatment. Research Limitations: The study did not focus on ethylene and respiration rate determination. Originality/Value: The study demonstrated that Thai Piara, treated with Chitosan 1% solution showed better performance followed by Aloe vera gel 25% + Chitosan 1% solution for maintaining postharvest quality and shelf life of guava.
Postharvest Biology and Technology
Esmaeil Seifi; Atefeh Bekran
Abstract
Purpose: The purpose of this research was to evaluate various coatings for preserving the quality attributes of “Malas-e Saveh” pomegranate arils during storage. Research method: A bi-factorial experiment in frame of completely randomized design was conducted to compare eight coating treatments ...
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Purpose: The purpose of this research was to evaluate various coatings for preserving the quality attributes of “Malas-e Saveh” pomegranate arils during storage. Research method: A bi-factorial experiment in frame of completely randomized design was conducted to compare eight coating treatments at two storage times (two and four weeks) with three replications. Findings: The highest pH and acidity was observed in the ascorbic acid treatment after four and two weeks of storage, respectively. The control after two weeks had the highest TSS and the nanosilicate container after four weeks had the highest taste index. The zero-day control had the highest vitamin C, while Aloe vera gel + chitosan and nanosilicate container after four weeks had the lowest. The zero-day control had the lowest total phenols but the highest total flavonoids and anthocyanins. Aloe vera gel, ascorbic acid and nanosilicate container after two weeks had the highest antioxidant activity, which first increased and then decreased with storage. The coatings did not significantly affect maintaining the L index or brightness of pomegranate arils. However, Aloe vera gel better maintained the (redness) and b (yellowness) indices. Aloe vera gel + ascorbic acid best preserved the sensory values closest to the zero-day control. Research limitations: None were found to report. Originality/Value: After comparing conventional coating materials with emerging options, this study revealed that Aloe vera gel alone or in combination with other coating materials was effective in preserving the quality of pomegranate arils during storage.
Postharvest Biology and Technology
Saeed Jafari; Ali Nikbakht; Maryam Haghighi; Sara Shahin Varnousfaderani
Abstract
Purpose: This research investigated the effect of different regimes of supplementary LED light on physiological and morphological traits of two cultivars of cut Roses. Research method: In this study, treatments included cultivars (Allstar and Dolcevita) and nine light regimes including (Control, LED ...
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Purpose: This research investigated the effect of different regimes of supplementary LED light on physiological and morphological traits of two cultivars of cut Roses. Research method: In this study, treatments included cultivars (Allstar and Dolcevita) and nine light regimes including (Control, LED night from 5 pm to 7 am, LED day from 7 am to 5 pm, LED night day (24 hours light) and LED dark (24 hours, without sunlight) which were all applied in two intensities of 2000 and 4000 lux. Findings: The results showed that the LED light regime had a positive effect on morphological traits such as the number of buds and mean harvest, length, diameter and fresh weight of flowers. LED day 4000 lux improved bud diameter and mean harvest by 18% and 112% respectively compared with control in Dolcevita cultivar. The light regime also caused a significant improvement in physiological characteristics so that in Allstar cultivar LED day 4000 lux, chlorophyll a, b, total, and carotenoid were increased by 66%, 60%, 63%, and 64% respectively compared with control. The vase life in Allstar cultivar by LED night day 4000 lux intensity and Dolcevita cultivar by LED day 4000 lux were 44.5% and 133.2% higher than the control treatment, respectively. Research limitations: There was no limitation. Originality/Value: The results showed that LED night day with 4000 lux intensity had the best results in vase life in Allstar cultivar and LED day supplementary light with 4000 lux intensity increased the quantity and quality characteristics of roses.
Postharvest Biology and Technology
Munir Abba Dandago; Alkasim Kabiru Yunusa; Abdulrashid Rilwan; Sani Mohammed Yahaya; Shamsudeen Sanusi Nassarawa; Aliyu Garba Khaleel
Abstract
Purpose: Fungal infections have become the most common problem to cause postharvest loss in tomato enterprise across Nigeria. Morphology-based identification of fungal species usually provides the inconclusive results with several species remain unidentified. Molecular identification method was used ...
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Purpose: Fungal infections have become the most common problem to cause postharvest loss in tomato enterprise across Nigeria. Morphology-based identification of fungal species usually provides the inconclusive results with several species remain unidentified. Molecular identification method was used to supplement morphology-based techniques to identify the fungal species. Research Method: A Deoxyribonucleic Acid (DNA) through 5.8S-ITS (Internal Transcribed Spacer) region of the ribosomal DNA (rDNA) was used to identify 180 infested tomato specimens. The samples were collected from farm, retail and wholesale points in Kwanar Gafan located at Kura LGA of Kano State. Findings: Eight haplotypes have been detected from the total fungal specimens examined, A 65.6% of fungal specimens from wholesales and farms constituted haplotype-1 and identified as Pichia kudriavzevii (with 99.54% similarity) as BLAST in National Centre for Biotechnology Information (NCBI) database. The remaining seven haplotypes were exclusively found in the retailing points and largely constitutes Aspergillus spp., Mucor fragilis, Russula atroglauca, Ganoderma sp., Alternaria spp., Exserohilum rostratum, Colletotrichum boninense, Naganishia sp. and Cladosporium spp. Research limitations: Further research on molecular identification from other parts of kano is required for better understanding the fungi associated with postharvest loss in the state. Originality/Value: Pichia kudriavzevii is a single and only dominant fungal species that infest tomatoes in both farms and wholesale points (65.6%). However, 34.4% of the diverse fungal species have been found in retailing points which is related to the rapid infestation of tomatoes.
Postharvest Biology and Technology
Najmeh Pakdaman; Mohammad Moradi; Amanollah Javanshah; Mohammad Abdolahi Ezzatabadi; Marieh Nadi; Najmeh Saberi
Abstract
Purpose: Pistachio is a crusial agricultural product in Iran, but its contamination with various micro-organisms can cause problems in production, consumption, and export. Peracetic acid is an antimicrobial substance that can eliminate a wide range of micro-organisms quickly. This study aimed to evaluate ...
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Purpose: Pistachio is a crusial agricultural product in Iran, but its contamination with various micro-organisms can cause problems in production, consumption, and export. Peracetic acid is an antimicrobial substance that can eliminate a wide range of micro-organisms quickly. This study aimed to evaluate the effectiveness of peracetic acid in reducing microbial contamination of pistachios in processing terminals. Research method: Harvested pistachios were treated with concentrations of 0 (control), 1, and 2% peracetic acid at the washing basin of the terminal. Then microbial growth, bacterial and fungal population, lipid percentage, and peroxide number of pistachio kernels were evaluated at 0 and 6 months after treatment. Findings: The results showed that both 1 and 2% peracetic acid inhibited bacterial and fungal growth by about 100% and reduced microbial flora growth by more than 90%. As there was no significant difference between 1 and 2% peracetic acid, the final recommendation is to use 1% concentration. After 6 months, the contamination level increased by about 5%, possibly due to storage conditions and contamination in subsequent stages. Different concentrations of peracetic acid did not have a significant effect on lipid percentage or peroxide number of pistachio kernels. Research limitations: As the treatment time with peracetic acid in the washing basin is uncontrollable, this factor has been eliminated in this research. Originality/Value: The study confirms the importance of using peracetic acid in the terminals to reduce and control pistachio contamination without producing harmful by-products. Economic evaluation also showed that using 1% peracetic acid for disinfecting pistachios in processing terminals is cost-effective.
Postharvest Biology and Technology
Rivalanny Granny Baloyi; Tieho Paulus Mafeo; Nhlanhla Mathaba
Abstract
Purpose: This study investigated the effect of harvest time, postharvest dehydration + waxing and storage temperature on rind- free and conjugated phenolics and their ability to alleviate chilling injury and pitting of ‘Benny’ Valencia oranges during cold storage. Research method: Fruit were ...
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Purpose: This study investigated the effect of harvest time, postharvest dehydration + waxing and storage temperature on rind- free and conjugated phenolics and their ability to alleviate chilling injury and pitting of ‘Benny’ Valencia oranges during cold storage. Research method: Fruit were harvested at early, mid- and late season, and thereafter, divided into control, dehydrated, waxed + dehydrated portions. After treatment, fruit were stored at -0.6 and 4.5°C for 28 days, thereafter, 7 days at ambient temperature (25°C). Findings: In general, peel pitting index (PPI) was significantly higher for late season fruit, while, CI was higher for early season fruit, especially at -0.6°C storage. Furthermore, dehydration stress without waxing resulted in significantly higher PPI and CI at -0.6°C when compared with 4.5°C storage. With respect to both free and soluble conjugated phenolics, the control fruit showed higher levels of rind phenolics, especially at late harvest across all the storage temperatures. Therefore, untreated fruit appeared to tolerate cold stress by up-regulating endogenous systems of total rind phenolics. Postharvest dehydration repressed endogenous phenolics synthesis. In conclusion, susceptibility to pitting disorder increases with harvest time, dehydration stress, while fruit harvested early were highly susceptible to CI. Research limitations: The main limitation of this study is the lack of specific phenolics. Originality/Value: The study found that dehydration plus waxing has a significant effect on chilling and non-chilling citrus ‘Benny’ Valencia fruit. Furthermore, these treatments induced an increase in rind total phenolics to mitigate rind physiological disorders during extended cold storage.
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