Plant Stress
Esmaeil Jadidi; Maryam Tatari; Mahmoud Ghasemnezhad; Hamid Reza Salemi
Abstract
Purpose: Identification of pomegranate cultivars with higher tolerance to salinity stress was the purpose of the current study. Research Method: One-year-old rooted cuttings of the pomegranate cultivars including 'Malase Saveh' ('M-Saveh'), 'Malase Isfahan' ('M-Isfahan'), 'Robabe Ghermeze Shiraz' ('Robab'), ...
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Purpose: Identification of pomegranate cultivars with higher tolerance to salinity stress was the purpose of the current study. Research Method: One-year-old rooted cuttings of the pomegranate cultivars including 'Malase Saveh' ('M-Saveh'), 'Malase Isfahan' ('M-Isfahan'), 'Robabe Ghermeze Shiraz' ('Robab'), 'Gabrie Yazd' ('G-Yazd'), Gabrie Torshe Yazd' ('GT-Yazd'), 'Zaghe Sefide Yazd' ('ZS-Yazd'), 'Zaghe Torshe Yazd' ('ZT-Yazd') and 'Malase Torshe Pishva' ('M-Pishva') were cultured in plastic pots and treated with different concentrations of sodium chloride in irrigation water including 0 (control), 3, 6, 9 and 12 dS m-1. Findings: At 12 dS m-1salinity level, the lowest decrease in plant height was observed in 'Robab', and 'M-Pishva' and the lowest decrease in the plant diameter was recorded in 'ZT-Yazd' and 'G-Yazd'. At the same salinity level, 'GT-Yazd' showed the lowest percentage of increase in electrolyte leakage (EL) compared to the control (23%). The highest increase in proline content was observed at 9 dS m-1 salinity for 'ZS-Yazd' and at 12 dS m-1 salinity for 'GT-Yazd'. At high salinity levels, leaf chlorophyll content decreased in pomegranate cultivars compared to the control. The activity of peroxidase enzyme in 'M- Pishva', ZT-Yazd' and 'GT-Yazd' followed an increasing and then decreasing with increasing salinity levels. The activity of the superoxide dismutase enzyme was highest in 'G-Yazd', 'M-Isfahan' and 'Robab'. Limitations: Investigation of salinity tolerance in pots is one of the limitations of this study. Originality/Value: Yazd cultivars including 'G-Yazd', 'GT-Yazd', 'ZS-Yazd' and 'ZT-Yazd' were more tolerant to salinity stress.
Plant Stress
Seyyedeh Atefeh Hosseini; Mehdi Khayyat
Abstract
Purpose: The present research was done to evaluate the responses of ‘Yusef Khani’ (Y) and ‘Malas-e-Yazdi’ (M) Iranian pomegranates to salt stress under field conditions. Research method: Treatments included different salinized water (EC=1.05 as control, 4.61 and 7.46 dS m–1) ...
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Purpose: The present research was done to evaluate the responses of ‘Yusef Khani’ (Y) and ‘Malas-e-Yazdi’ (M) Iranian pomegranates to salt stress under field conditions. Research method: Treatments included different salinized water (EC=1.05 as control, 4.61 and 7.46 dS m–1) and two commercially Iranian pomegranate varieties. Main findings: Interaction of salinity × variety showed the lowest chlorophyll (chl) and potassium (K) level, and the highest chloride (Cl) and sodium (Na) in M variety, under high level of salinity. Although the lowest non-photochemical quenching, and effective quantum yield of photochemical energy conversion in PSII observed in this variety under 7.46 dS m–1, however, basal quantum yield of non-photochemical processes in PSII increased. Accumulation of Na and Cl in leaf tissue increased with increasing salinity in both varieties. Moreover, lower accumulation of calcium (Ca), magnesium (Mg) and iron (Fe) observed in both varieties. More Na and Cl was obtained within leaves of M variety, compared with other one. We found that there were some differences between these varieties and ‘Yousef Khani’ was more tolerant to salinity compared with ‘Malas-e-Yazdi’. Limitations: It might be better to evaluate several varieties for salinity resistance, however, it was impossible to us. Originality/Value: Iran is the main source of genetic variability for pomegranate. There is a huge diversity within pomegranate germplasm that should be studied for salinity and drought resistance. Thus, here we conducted a research to find a salt resistant pomegranate.
Greenhouse Production
Nazila Khanbabaloo; Hanifeh Seyed hajizadeh; Farhad Behtash
Abstract
Todays, contamination of agricultural soils by different ways of salinity is increasing as a result of human and environmental factors that would reduce yield and quality of agricultural crops. However, there are some plants that can tolerate some degrees of salinity. Tomato is one of the horticultural ...
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Todays, contamination of agricultural soils by different ways of salinity is increasing as a result of human and environmental factors that would reduce yield and quality of agricultural crops. However, there are some plants that can tolerate some degrees of salinity. Tomato is one of the horticultural crops, moderately sensitive to salinity even that salinity can improve its quality. So, a study was conducted using four varieties of tomato under normal and salt stress (3, 6 and 9 dS m-1) hydroponic conditions to evaluate tomato quality. The results showed that increasing in salinity improves the quality and taste of tomato with a reduction in pericarp thickness, fresh weight and total protein. However, when the degree of salinity exceeds 6 dS m-1, a significant difference was observed in fruit yield which was variety dependent. Also, there is a significant difference between salt tolerance, performance, and taste of different varieties. Furthermore, it is found that the activity of guaiacol peroxidase and catalase enzymes increased as well as an increase in the level of salinity. Tomato cv. Super Chief with the highest number of fruits per plant, high level of proline as well as catalase activity, has the best performance against salinity levels of soil and was more resistant to salinity than other varieties. Also, tomato ‘Super Chief’ had the highest taste index with a slightly decline in the yield. Salt stress tomatoes have more carotenoid than controls but the level of 9 dS m-1 salinity was not tolerable by all varieties.
