Plant Breeding and Biotechnology
Koorosh Falakro; Shahin Jahangirzadeh Khiavi
Abstract
Purpose: Tea plant (Camellia sinensis L., O.Kuntze) is one of the most popular non-alcoholic beverage crops worldwide. Although tea is important in Iran’s economy, little is known about the pattern of genetic variation among the various tea genotypes grown in Iran. Research method: The relationship ...
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Purpose: Tea plant (Camellia sinensis L., O.Kuntze) is one of the most popular non-alcoholic beverage crops worldwide. Although tea is important in Iran’s economy, little is known about the pattern of genetic variation among the various tea genotypes grown in Iran. Research method: The relationship and the genetic diversity of 20 genotypes of the tea germplasm belonging to three regions were analyzed to provide guidance for the breeding of tea tree using 10 RAPD and 8 ISSR markers. Main findings: Polymorphism percent was 78.6 in RAPD and 68.06 in ISSR fingerprinting. The results of the PIC analysis were in the range of 2 0.44 to 0.49 and 0.34 to 0.50 for RAPD and ISSR respectively. From these results, it can be seen that these primers can detect genetic differences very well. The pairwise similarity coefficient between the genotypes varied from 0.37 to 0.68 for RAPD and from 0.59 to 0.96 for ISSR. The 20 tea genotypes from genetic resources were grouped into three main groups by UPGMA cluster analysis based on RAPD data, and to five main groups by UPGMA cluster analysis based on ISSR data. Both molecular analyses showed a high degree of variation among the genotypes. Limitations: Application of others molecular markers such as AFLP, SSR and (cpDNA investigation can help to found the genetic relationships of samples better. Originality/Value: The present study revealed that RAPD and ISSR methods could be successfully utilized to identify genetic diversity and relationship of tea group and this will provide valuable information to assist parental selection in current and future tea breeding programs.
Plant Breeding and Biotechnology
Mohammad Hossein Azimi
Abstract
Purpose: The aims of this research were to collect reliable information about economic traits, introducing superior genotypes for production, exportation and breeding programs in new hybrids of gladiolus. Research Method: 48 promising genotypes with 4 parents of gladiolus evaluated on the basis of a ...
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Purpose: The aims of this research were to collect reliable information about economic traits, introducing superior genotypes for production, exportation and breeding programs in new hybrids of gladiolus. Research Method: 48 promising genotypes with 4 parents of gladiolus evaluated on the basis of a randomized complete block design in three replications. The Research was conducted in Ornamental Plants Research Center in Mahallat from 2017-2018. Main findings: The results showed that the highest number of florets was observed in OPRC16 (19.0 florets) and the lowest in OPRC412, OPRC413, and OPRC99 (8.00 florets). The highest floret width of 12.00 cm was related to OPRC16 and the lowest of 7.00 cm to OPRC712. The longest spike was 71.00 cm observed in OPRC16 and the shortest was 33.00 cm observed in OPRC411. OPRC311 and OPRC61 exhibited the highest and lowest plant height of 210 and 132 cm, respectively. It was found that the flowers of the new hybrids were almost whitish in color. It was also indicated that the diversity in the traits was mostly related to the genetic factors and the environment was less influential on them. According to the North American Gladiolus Council, the length of the cut branch (spike and branch length) of all hybrids (48 hybrids) and the parents P1, P2, and P3 were categorized in the fantasy group. The hybrids that were placed in the fantasy group in terms of the spike length were more marketable. Research limitations: No limitations were founded. Originality/Value: The results revealed high diversity among the hybrids and parents in traits. Therefore, hybrids that are superior (fantasy group) in these commercial traits can be introduced as new cultivars.
Plant Breeding and Biotechnology
Sanam Safaei Chaeikar; Koorosh Falakro; Mehdi Rahimi; Shahin Jahangirzadeh khiavi; Masoumeh Ashourpour
Abstract
Purpose: Tea is one of the earliest caffeinated non-alcoholic drinks produced from the tip of young shoots. Evaluation of genetic diversity of clones that existed in tea germplasm can be a help to improve the tea breeding program. Research Method: The genetic diversity of 9 tea clones based on morphological, ...
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Purpose: Tea is one of the earliest caffeinated non-alcoholic drinks produced from the tip of young shoots. Evaluation of genetic diversity of clones that existed in tea germplasm can be a help to improve the tea breeding program. Research Method: The genetic diversity of 9 tea clones based on morphological, chemical and molecular markers were evaluated at Shahid Eftekhari Fashalam Experimental Station, Tea Research Center, Shaft, Guilan, Iran. Findings: Analysis of variance showed a significant difference between the clones for the studied traits. Descriptive statistics showed that green leaf yield had the highest phenotypic variation with CV of 56.47% and water extract showed the least phenotypic variation (4.40%). Clones 399, 285 and 100 had a significantly higher content of the number of plucking shoots, fresh and dry weight of plucking shoot and green leaf yield than other clones. Regarding the water extract, clones 272 and 100 have a significantly higher value than the other clones. Contents of polyphenols in all of clones were high except clones 276 and 278. The cluster analysis classified tea clones into three groups based on morphological and chemical traits as well as SCoT markers. Research limitations: Not using other molecular markers and biochemical traits. Originality/Value: Great variation of morphological characters was apparent among the selected clones. Based on the Mantel test, the grouping of clones with molecular data was partially corresponding with morphological and chemical traits.
Plant Breeding and Biotechnology
Shahin Jahangirzadeh; Reza Azadi Gonbad; Koorosh Falakro
Abstract
Purpose: The tea plant is one of the most important products in the northern region of Iran, and plays an essential role in the region's economy. Since today many tea plants in the region are being destroyed for various reasons, so having information about the genetics of those trees helps design breeding ...
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Purpose: The tea plant is one of the most important products in the northern region of Iran, and plays an essential role in the region's economy. Since today many tea plants in the region are being destroyed for various reasons, so having information about the genetics of those trees helps design breeding programs to reach appropriate plants for specific purposes. Research Method: SRAP markers, using eight primer combinations, were used to study the genetic relationships of 27 tea plant samples. Findings: In total, these eight combinations produced 41 scorable bands, 70.63% of which were polymorphic. The calculated PIC for all combinations was from 0.23 to 0.43 at an average of 0.36. Data analysis was performed by NTSYS software using Jaccard's similarity coefficient to determine the amount of similarity and the dendrogram was drawn based on UPGMA. Based on molecular data, the range of similarity between samples varied from 0.393 to 0.933. Samples were divided into five groups at a similarity level of 0.65. The fifth group (E) was divided into four subgroups at a similarity level of 0.75. Research limitations: Application of another marker system such as SSR and AFLP can help to understand the relationships of samples better. Originality/Value: In general, the study of genetic diversity showed that the SRAP marker could be useful in identifying polymorphic regions and estimating genetic distances and germplasm management in tea plants.
Plant Breeding and Biotechnology
Chadha Ayed; Najla Mezghani; Awatef Rhimi; Bouthaina AL Mohandes Dridi
Abstract
Purpose: Despite the significance of garlic as a food product and high annual income, until now there are no local commercialized Tunisian cultivars with registered names, which lead to the lack of recommended varieties of high yielding. This work is aimed to create the first garlic gene bank collection ...
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Purpose: Despite the significance of garlic as a food product and high annual income, until now there are no local commercialized Tunisian cultivars with registered names, which lead to the lack of recommended varieties of high yielding. This work is aimed to create the first garlic gene bank collection in Tunisia, evaluate the variation, identify yield related traits and structure genetic diversity among them. Research method: Thirty six local garlic landraces from the main production regions of Tunisia were collected and recorded in the National Gene Bank of Tunisia database, then grown in a gene bank field for multiplication. The phenotypic diversity was conducted on the basis of fourteen quantitative characteristics add to flowering ability. Findings: High diversity among Tunisian garlic landraces was detected. The bulb weight and bulb diameter explain the most significant variation of the yield. The cluster analysis sorted the 36 genotypes into three main groups as cluster 1 (11 accessions), cluster 2 (20 accessions), and cluster 3 (5 accessions). However, the grouping of genotypes did not correspond with their geographic origin. The highest genetic distance was reported between NGBTUN442 and NGBTUN452, however NGBTUN429 and NGBTUN434 found to be most similar with the lowest dissimilarity. Research limitation: Morphological traits need to be investigated overtime. Originality/Value: This study is interesting since it presents the first creation of the garlic gene bank in Tunisia. The results will provide basis information for the efficient use of the local garlic germplasm and help breeders to easily select out the desirable materials.
