Evaluation of the growth and status of some nutrients in pistachio seedlings treated with phosphorus under different levels of irrigation water salinity

Azarmi-Atajan, Farhad; Sayyari-Zohan, Mohammad Hassan; Mirzaei, Abdollah

doi:10.22077/jhpr.2023.6271.1314

Document Type : Original Article

Authors

¹ Department of Soil Science, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Birjand, Birjand, Iran

² Department of Agronomy, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Birjand, Birjand, Iran

https://doi.org/10.22077/jhpr.2023.6271.1314

Abstract

Purpose: Irrigation with saline water and poor quality and fertility of the soil are the most important factors limiting the growth, establishment, and yield of pistachio trees in many pistachio farming areas of Iran. In addition, phosphorus plays an important role in plant growth, especially under environmental stress conditions. Thus, the purpose of this experiment is to investigate the role of P use in improving the growth of pistachio seedlings at different levels of irrigation water salinity. Research method: A greenhouse study was conducted as a factorial combination based on a completely randomized design with three replications. The treatments include two levels of P [Control (P₀) and 30 mg kg^-1 soil (P₁) as triple superphosphate] and three levels of irrigation water salinity (0, 5, and 10 dS m^-1). Findings: Irrigation with saline water (10 dS.m^-1) significantly decreased the shoot dry weight (94%), root dry weight (64%), leaf area (62%), plant height (35%), shoot and root P content (41% and 52%), shoot K content (40%) and shoot and root K/Na (85% and 28%) of pistachio seedlings. However, P application increased the growth parameters and the concentration of P and K elements in the pistachio seedlings shoot and root under water salinity stress. Research limitations: No limitations were encountered. Originality/Value: According to the results of this experiment, phosphorus application increased the growth of pistachio seedlings in saline condition. Therefore, according to soil and water salinity in pistachio farming areas of Iran, optimal nutrition with nutrients such as P can increase the tolerance of pistachio seedlings to salinity stress and their establishment.

Keywords

Main Subjects

Plant Nutrition

References

Abbas, G., Chen, Y., Khan, F. Y., Feng, Y. P., Palta, J. A., & Siddique, K. H. M. (2018). Salinity and low phosphorus differentially affect shoot and root traits in two wheat cultivars with contrasting tolerance to salt. Agronomy 8, 155–170. https://doi.org/10.3390/agronomy8080155.

Arif, Y., Singh, P., Siddiqui, H., Bajguz, A., & Hayat, S. (2020). Salinity induced physiological and biochemical changes in plants: an omic approach towards salt stress tolerance. Plant Physiology and Biochemistry, 156, 64-77. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.plaphy.2020.08.042.

Arora, N. K. (2019). Impact of climate change on agriculture production and its sustainable solutions. Environmental Sustainability, 2, 95–96. https://doi.org/10.1007/s42398-019-00078-w.

Azarmi, F., Mozaffari, V., Hamidpour, M., & Abbaszadeh-Dahaji, P. (2016): Interactive effect of fluorescent pseudomonads rhizobacteria and Zn on the growth, chemical composition and water relations of pistachio (Pistacia vera L.) seedlings under NaCl Stress. Communications in Soil Science and Plant Analysis, 47, 955-972. https://doi.org/10.1080/00103624.2016.1165833.

Azarmi-Atajan, F., & Sayyari-Zohan, M. H. (2022). Effect of phosphate solubilizing bacteria and triple superphosphate on the growth, physiological parameters and phosphorus uptake of pistachio seedlings. Journal of Horticulture and Postharvest Research, 5(1), 69-78. https://doi.org/10.22077/jhpr.2022.4917.1260.

Behzadi Rad, P., Roozban, M. R., Karimi, S., Ghahremani, R., & Vahdati, K. (2021). Osmolyte accumulation and sodium compartmentation key role in salinity tolerance of pistachios rootstocks. Agriculture, 11, 708. https://doi.org/10.3390/agriculture11080708.

Ben hamed, S., Lefi, E., & Chaieb, M. (2019). Effect of phosphorus concentration on the photochemical stability of PSII and CO₂ assimilation in Pistacia vera L. and Pistacia atlantica Desf. Plant Physiology and Biochemistry, 142, 283-291. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.plaphy.2019.07.016.

Bidalia, A., Vikram, K., Yamal, G., & Rao, K. S. (2019). Effect of salinity on soil nutrients and plant health. In Salt Stress, Microbes, and Plant Interactions: Causes and Solution; Springer: Singapore, pp. 273–297.

Chapman, H. D., & Pratt, P. F. (1961). Methods of analysis for soils, plants, and waters. University of California, Riverside.

Chen, W., Hou, Z., Wu, L., Liang, Y., & Wei, C. (2010). Effects of salinity and nitrogen on cotton growth in arid environment. Plant and Soil, 326, 61-73. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11104-008-9881-0.

Eskandari, S., & Mozaffari, V. (2014). Interactive effect of soil salinity and copper application on growth and chemical composition of pistachio seedlings (cv. Badami). Communications in Soil Science and Plant Analysis, 45, 688-702. https://doi.org/10.1080/00103624.2013.874022.

Evelin, H., Devi, T. S., Gupta, S., & Kapoor, R. (2019). Mitigation of salinity stress in plants by arbuscular mycorrhizal symbiosis: Current understanding and new challenges. Frontiers in Plant Science, 10, 470. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpls.2019.00470.

Farooq, M., Hussain, M., Wakeel, A., & Siddique, K. H. M. (2015). Salt stress in maize: effects, resistance mechanisms and management. A review. Agronomy for Sustainable Development, 35, 461-481. https://doi.org/10.1007/s13593-015-0287-0.

Fekri, M., Gharanjig, L., & Soliemanzadeh, A. (2015). Responses of growth and chemical composition of pistachio seedling to phosphorus fertilization under saline condition. Journal of Plant Nutrition, 38(2), 1836-1848. https://doi.org/10.1080/01904167.0215.1043375.

Hasanuzzaman, M., Nahar, K., Alam, M., Bhowmik, P. C., Hossain, M., Rahman, M. M., Prasad, M. N. V., Ozturk, M., & Fujita, M. (2014). Potential use of halophytes to remediate saline soils. Biome Research International, 2014, 589341. https://doi.org/10.1155/2014/589341.

Hassani, A., Azapagic, A., & Shokri, N. (2021). Global predictions of primary soil salinization under changing climate in the 21st century. Nature Communications, 12, 6663. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41467-021-26907-3.

Hojjatnooghi, F., Mozafari, V., Tajabadipour, A., & Hokmabadi, H. (2014). Effects of salinity and calcium on the growth and chemical composition of pistachio seedlings. Journal of Plant Nutrition, 37, 928-941. https://doi.org/10.1080/01904167.2014.888737.

Hu, Y., & Schmidhalter, U. (2005). Drought and salinity: A comparison of their effects on mineral nutrition of plants. Journal of Plant Nutrition and Soil Science, 168, 541–549. https://doi.org/10.1002/jpln.200420516.

Kumar, P., Choudhary, M., Halder, T., Prakash, N. R., Singh, V., Vineeth, T. V., et al. (2022). Salinity stress tolerance and omics approaches: revisiting the progress and achievements in major cereal crops. Heredity, 128, 497-518. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41437-022-00516-2.

Loupassaki, M. H., Chartzoulakis, K. S., Digalaki, N. B., & Androulakis, I. I. (2002). Effects of salt stress on concentration of nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium, calcium, magnesium, and sodium in leaves, shoots, and roots of six olive cultivars. Journal of Plant Nutrition, 25, 2457-2482. https://doi.org/10.1081/PLN-120014707.

Malhotra, H., Vandana, S., Harma, S., & Pandey, R. (2018). Phosphorus nutrition: plant growth in response to deficiency and excess in Plant nutrient and abiotic stress tolerance, eds Hasanuzzaman, M., Fujita, M., Oku, H., Nahar, K., & Hawrylak-Nowak, B. (Singapore: Springer Singapore), 171-190.

Marschner, H. (1995). Mineral nutrient of higher plants. 2^nd, Academic Press, New York. 889 pages.

Mohamed, H. I., & Gomaa, E. Z. (2012). Effect of plant growth promoting Bacillus subtilis and Pseudomonas fluorescens on growth and pigment composition of radish plants (Raphanus sativus) under NaCl stress. Photosynthetica, 50, 263-272. https:doi.org/10.1007/s11099-012-0032-8.

Munns, R. (2002). Comparative physiology of salt and water stress. Plant, Cell and Environment, 25, 239-250.

Murshed, R., Najla, S., Albiski, F., Kassem, I., Jbour, M., & Al-Said, H. (2015). Using growth parameters for in-vitro screening of potato varieties tolerant to salt stress. Journal of Agricultural Science and Technology, 17, 483–494.

Qi, Z., & Spalding, E. P. (2004). Protection of plasma membrane K+ transport by the salt overly sensitive1 Na⁺-H⁺ antiporter during salinity stress. Plant Physiology, 136, 2548-2555. https://doi.org/10.1104/pp.104.049213.

Razaq, M., Zhang, P., Shen, H., & Salahuddin. (2017). Influence of nitrogen and phosphorus on the growth and root morphology of Acer mono. PLoS ONE, 12 (2), e0171321. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0171321.

Rodriguez, H., & Fraga, R. (1999). Phosphate solubilizing bacteria and their role in plant growth promotion. Biotechnology Advances, 17, 319-339.

Sadji-Ait Kaci, H., Chaker-Haddadj, A., Nedir-Kichou, A., & Aid, F. (2022). Act of phosphorus on cell hydraulic state, K⁺ use efficiency and induction of positive correlations between yield and vegetative traits in chickpea. Acta Agriculturae Scandinavica, Section B- Soil and Plant Science, 72(1), 325-332. https://doi.org/10.1080/09064710.2021.1988138.

Shahriaripour, R., Tajabadi Pour, A., & Mozaffari, V. (2011). Effects of salinity and soil phosphorus application on growth and chemical composition of pistachio seedlings. Communications in Soil Science and Plant Analysis, 42, 144-158. https://doi.org/10.1080/00103624.2011.535065.

Shahriaripour, R., Tajabadi Pour, A., Mozaffari, V., Dashti, H., & Adhami, E. (2010). Effects of salinity and soil zinc application on growth and chemical composition of pistachio seedlings. Journal of Plant Nutrition, 33, 1166-1179. https://doi.org/10.1080/01904161003763765.

Sparks, D. L. (1996). Methods of soil analysis. Part. 3, chemical methods, Soil Science Society of America, Madison, Wisconsin, USA.

Evaluation of the growth and status of some nutrients in pistachio seedlings treated with phosphorus under different levels of irrigation water salinity

References

References

Volume 6, Issue 3 - Serial Number 22September 2023September 2023Pages 261-270

Volume 6, Issue 3 - Serial Number 22
September 2023
September 2023
Pages 261-270