Effect of volk oil and potassium nitrate on budbreak, yield and some quantitative and qualitative characteristics of pistachio (Pistacia vera L.) nuts

Mirblouk, Abbas; Jafari, Azam; Vazifeshenas, Mohammad Reza; Gholamnezhad, Jalal

doi:10.22077/jhpr.2024.7206.1361

Document Type : Original Article

Authors

¹ Department of Horticultural Sciences, Faculty of Agriculture & Natural Resources, Ardakan University, Ardakan, Iran

² Agricultural and Natural Resources Research and Education Center of Yazd, Yazd, Iran

https://doi.org/10.22077/jhpr.2024.7206.1361

Abstract

Purpose: The aim of this study was to improve yield, and characteristics of pistachio nuts of three cultivars by foliar application of volk oil and potassium nitrate. Research method: The study was carried out during the bud swelling stage using a factorial design, following a randomized complete block design with four replications. The experimental factors consisted of three cultivars, namely 'Fandoghi', 'Hasan-Abbasi', and 'Haj-Abdollahi', and three treatments: volk oil (1% and 2%), potassium nitrate (KNO₃) (0.3% and 0.5%), and a mixture of volk oil and KNO3 (1% volk oil + 0.3% KNO₃, and 1% volk oil + 0.5% KNO₃). A control treatment was also included in the study. Findings: The results of this study showed that the highest percentage of open shell nuts (52.17%) was observed in ‘Hasan-Abbasi’ cultivar, and the highest fresh weight of 100 nuts in ‘Haj-Abdollahi’ (202.2 g). The lowest ounce (29.07), the highest dry weight of 100 nuts and 10 kernels weight were obtained 76.26 and 26.56 g in ‘Fandoghi’ cultivar, respectively. The use of 2% volk oil treatment was effective in budbreaking, as well as increasing the percentage of open shell nuts and reducing the percentage of balk nuts. Research limitations: There was no limitation. Originality/Value: 0.5 % KNO₃ increased the fresh and dry weight of 100 nuts and decreased ounce of pistachio in all cultivars. Therefore, the use of volk oil and KNO₃treatments can be effective in pistachio orchards, and increase the quantity and quality of the yield.

Keywords

Main Subjects

Pomology

References

Akbari, M., Aliakbarkhani, T., Hassankhah, S., Talaie, A., & Fattahi Moghadam, M. (2015). Phenotypic and genotypic variation in Iranian pistachios. Journal of Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, 13, 235–241.

Al- Saghir. M.G. (2010). Phylogenetic analysis of genus Pistacia L. (Anacardiaceae) based on morphological data. Asian Journal of Plant Sciences, 9(1), 28-35. https://doi.org/10.3923/ajps.2010.28.35.

Asghari, H. (2002). The effect of foliar application of Dormex, volk and potassium nitrate on breaking the dormancy of pistachio (Pistacia vera L) buds in tropical areas. Horticulture Master's Thesis, University of Shiraz, 101 pages.

Azarmi-Atajan, F., & Sayyari-Zohan, M. H. (2022). Effect of phosphate solubilizing bacteria and triple superphosphate on the growth, physiological parameters and phosphorus uptake of pistachio seedlings. Journal of Horticulture and Postharvest Research, 5(1), 69-78. https://doi.org/10.22077/jhpr.2022.4917.1260

Beede, R.H., & Padillia, J. (1998). Growth, yield and nut quality responses in a commercial pistachio orchard from dormant applied horticultural mineral oil. California Pistachio Industry. Annual Report, 112-114.

Beede, R.H., & Ferguson, L. (2001). Effect of rootstock and treatment data on the response of pistachio to dormant applied mineral oil, California Pistachio Industry. Annual Report, 86-89.

Beriner, G. Kient, G.M, & Sache, A. (1985). The physiology of flowering. 1, 2, 3. Florida. CRC press. U.S.A.

Bhatti, J.S. Lai, R. Apps, M.J., Price, M.A. (2006), Climate change and managed ecosystem. Publisher: TF-CRC. 464 pages.

Eskandari Torbaghan, M. (2023). Adaptability study of commercial pistachio cultivars in seven regions of Khorasan-Razavi province, Iran. Journal of Horticulture and Postharvest Research, 6(2), 145-156. https://doi.org/10.22077/jhpr.2023.5483.1283

Ghrab, M., & Ben mimoun, M. (2014). Effective hydrogen cyanamide (dormex) application for bud break, flowering and nut yield of pistachio trees cv. Mateur in warm growing areas. Experimental Agriculture, 398-406. https://doi.org/10.1017/S0014479713000550

I.N. & D. Nuts & Dried Fruits Statistical Yearbook 2020/2021. (2021). Available online: https://www.iranpistachio.org/fa/images/INC/INC_Statistical_Yearbook_2019-2020.pdf?msclkid=89309733d05511ec99551a66d22f0de1

Javanshah, A., Alipour, H., Pakdaman, N., & Nadi, M. (2018). The interaction effect of sodium benzoate, potassium nitrate, soybean oil and volk oil on meeting the cooling requirement of pistachio trees. Journal of Pistachio Science and Technology, 3(5), 57-73. (In Persian?).

Javanshah, A., & Esmaeilizadeh, M. (2004). Determining the cold requirement of three commercial cultivars of pistachio (Akbari, Owhadi and Kaleh-Ghochi). Pistachio Research Institute of Iran. Final Report, 29 pages.

Kashanizadeh, S. Gholipour, Y., & Mohammadbeigi, A. (2006). The effect of ovlck® mineral oil application and its spray time on the yield and quality of commercial cultivars of pistachio in qazvin area. Acta Horticulture, 726, 455-458.

Khayyat, M., Rajaee, S., Shayesteh, M., Sajadinia, A., & Moradinezhad, F. (2010). Effect of potassium nitrate on breaking bud dormancy in strawberry (Fragaria ananassa Duch.) plants. Journal of Plant Nutrition, 33(11), 1605-1611. https://doi.org/10.1080/01904167.2010.496885

Lamont, G. P. Worrall, R. J., & Oconnell, M. A. (1987). The Effects of temperature and time on the solubility of resin-coated controlled-release fertilizers under laboratory and field conditions. Scientia Horticulturae, 32, 265-273.

Mahmoudi Meimand, M.J., Alipour, H., Shamshiri, M.H., & Esmaeili Zadeh, M. (2022). Pistachio production management in iran by rest-breaking treatment and comparison of dynamic vs chill hour model for chill accumulation. Erwerbs-Obstbau, 64(2), 271-281. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10341-021-00606-1.

Mimoun, M. B. E. N., Loumi, O., Ghrab, M., Latiri, K., & Hellali, R. (2004). Foliar potassium application on pistachio tree. HortScience, 111, 224-228.

Mirabzadeh Ardakani, M., Jafari, A., Javanshah, A., & Shirmardi, M. (2021). Improvement of pistachio yield in saline soil by application of organic acids. Pistachio Science and Technology, 6(11), 69-84. (In Persian).

Nazouri, F. (2007). Studying and comparing the cold requirement of four male pistachio genotypes and investigating the effect of some chemical oils on this phenomenon. Master's thesis, University of Tehran. 120 pages.

Rahemi, M., & Asghari, M. (2004). Effect of hydrogen cyanamide (dormex), volk oil and potassium nitrate on budbreak, yield and nut characteristics of pistachio (Pistacia vera L.). The Journal of Horticultural Science and Biotechnology, 79, 823-827.

Rahemi, M., & Pakkish, Z. (2009). Determination of chilling and heat requirements of pistachio (Pistacia vera L.) cultivars. Agricultural Sciences in China, 8(7), 803-807. https://doi.org/10.1016/S1671-2927(08)60281-3

Talaie, A. Seyedi, M. Panahi, B., & Khezri, M. (2006). Effects of shoot girdling and urea combined with 6-benzyl adenine on abscission of inflorescence buds in ‘Ohadi’ pistachio cultivar (Pistacia vera L.). International Journal of Agriculture and Biology, 8(4), 474–476.

Zeng, Q., Brown, P. H., & Holtz, B.A. (2001). Potassium fertilization affects soil K, leaf K concentration, and nut yield and quality of mature pistachio trees. HortScience, 36(1), 85-89.

Effect of volk oil and potassium nitrate on budbreak, yield and some quantitative and qualitative characteristics of pistachio (Pistacia vera L.) nuts

References

References

Volume 7, Issue 3 - Serial Number 27September 2024September 2024Pages 213-222

Volume 7, Issue 3 - Serial Number 27
September 2024
September 2024
Pages 213-222