Document Type : Original Article
Authors
1 Department of Plant Production, University of Torbat-Heydariyeh, Torbat-Heydariyeh, Iran
2 Department of Agriculture, University of Gonabad, Gonabad, Iran
10.22077/jhpr.2024.7242.1363
Keywords
Main Subjects
Abdel-Raouf, N., Al-Homaidan, A.A., & Ibraheem, I.B.M. (2012). Agricultural importance of algae. African Journal of Biotechnology, 11, 11648-11658. https://doi.org/10.5897/AJB11.3983
Adesina, I., Bhowmik, A., Sharma, H., & Shahbazi, A.A. (2020). Review on the current state of knowledge of growing conditions, agronomic soil health practices and utilities of hemp in the United States. Agriculture, 10, 129. https://doi.org/10.3390/agriculture10040129
Agra, M.F., Freitas, P.F., & Barbosa-Filho, J.M. (2007). Synopsis of the plants known as medicinal and poisonous in northeast of Brazil. Revista Brasileira de Farmacognosia-Brazilian Journal of Pharmacognosy, 17, 114-140. http://doi.org/10.1590/S0102-695X2007000100021
Ahmadi, A., & Nazari Alam, J. (2015). Effects of biological and chemical fertilizers on quantity yield of saffron (Crocus sativus L.) in different planting densities. Journal of Saffron Research, 3(1), 51-63. https://doi.org/10.22077/jsr.2015.312
Alfa, M., Adie, D., Igboro, S., Oranusi, U., Dahunsi, S., & Akali, D. (2014). Assessment of biofertilizer quality and health implications of anaerobic digestion effluent of cow dung and chicken droppings. Renewable Energy, 63, 681-686. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.renene.2013.09.049
Alie, B.A., Khan, M.H., Dar, N.A., Mir, G.H., Dar, S.A., Lone, A.A., Khan, A., Fayaz, U., Ali, M.T., & Bhat, A.H. (2023). Cost-effective saffron production system module for corm weight and planting density. Journal of Innovative Agriculture, 10(2), 36-46. http://doi.org/10.37446/jinagri/rsa/10.2.2023.36-46
Alizadeh, M.B., Makarian, H., Ebadi, A., Eizadi Darbandi, E., & Gholami, A. (2018). Effect of biological and chemical fertilizers on stigma yield and quality of saffron (Crocus sativus L.) in climatic conditions of Ardabil. Iranian Journal of Crop Sciences, 20(1), 16-29. http://dorl.net/dor/20.1001.1.15625540.1397.20.1.2.5
Al-Taey, D.K.A., Al-Shareefi, M.J.H., Mijwel, A.K., Al-Tawaha, A.R., & Al-Tawaha, A.R. (2019). The beneficial effects of bio-fertilizers combinations and humic acid on growth, yield parameters and nitrogen content of broccoli grown under drip irrigation system. Bulgarian Journal of Agricultural Science, 25(5), 959-966.
Amirnia, R., Bayat, M., & Tajbakhsh, M. (2014). Effects of nano fertilizer application and mother corm weight on flowering at some saffron (Crocus sativus L.) ecotypes. Turkish Journal of Field Crops, 19(2), 158-168. http://doi.org/10.17557/tjfc.46269
Ayoub, A.T. (1999). Fertilizers and the environment. Nutrient Cycling in Agroecosystems, 55, 117-121. https://doi.org/10.1023/A:1009808118692
Azarmi-Atajan, F., & Sayyari-Zohan, M. H. (2022). Effect of phosphate solubilizing bacteria and triple superphosphate on the growth, physiological parameters and phosphorus uptake of pistachio seedlings. Journal of Horticulture and Postharvest Research, 5(1), 69-78. https://doi.org/10.22077/jhpr.2022.4917.1260
Barker, A.V., & Pilbeam, D.J. (2007). Handbook of Plant Nutrition. New York, USA: Taylor and Francis Publication.
Ben El Caid, M., Salaka, L., El Merzougui, S., Lachguer, K., Lagram, K., El Mousadik, A., & Serghini, M.A. (2020). Multi-site evaluation of the productivity among saffron (Crocus sativus L.) for clonal selection purposes. Journal of Applied Research on Medicinal and Aromatic Plants, 17, 100248. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jarmap.2020.100248
Besharati, H., & Saffari, H. (2022). The effectiveness of organic fertilizer from Poultry slaughterhouse waste on corn (Zea maize) and pistachio (Pistacia vera). Applied Soil Research, 10(3), 78-89.
de Juan, J.A., Córcoles, H.L., Muñoz, R.M., & Picornell, M.R. (2009). Yield and yield components of saffron under different cropping systems. Industrial Crops and Products, 30, 212-219. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.indcrop.2009.03.011
Douglas, M.H., Smallfield, B.M., Wallace, A.R., & Mc Gimpsey, J.A. (2014). Saffron (Crocus sativus L.): The effect of mother corm size on progeny multiplication, flower and stigma production. Scientia Horticulturae, 166, 50-58. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scienta.2013.12.007
Ebrahimi, M., Pouyan, M., Shahi, T., Fallahi, H.R., Hoseini, S., Ragh Ara, H., & Branca, F. (2021). Effects of organic fertilisers and mother corm weight on yield, apocarotenoid concentration and accumulation of metal contaminants in saffron (Crocus sativus L.). Biological Agriculture & Horticulture, 38(2), 73-93. https://doi.org/10.1080/01448765.2021.1987987
Ekta, N., Shailaja, P., Pant, S.C., Sandee, K., Pankaj, B., Bengia, M., & Nautiyal, B.P. (2017). Effect of organic manures and bio-fertilizers on growth, yield, quality and economics of broccoli (Brassica Oleracea l. Var. Italica Plenck) cv. Green head under high-hill conditions of Uttarakhand. International Journal of Advanced Biological and Biomedical Research, 7(1), 96-100.
El Grah, F. Z., Bennasser, S. M., El Ghazali, H., Ait Hammou, R., Harrouni, C., & Daoud, S. (2022). Characterization of the Moroccan saffron in relation to climate, soil, and water in its main production zones. Journal of Horticulture and Postharvest Research, 5(2), 129-140. https://doi.org/10.22077/jhpr.2022.4487.1227
Esmaeilian, Y., Amiri, M.B., & Neamatollahi, E. (2022a). High density planting and manure affect flower yield, corm characteristics, and volatile compounds of saffron (Crocus sativus L.). Industrial Crops and Products, 176, 114363. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.indcrop.2021.114363
Esmaeilian, Y., Amiri, M.B., Tavassoli, A., Caballero-Calvo, A., & Rodrigo-Comino, J. (2022b). Replacing chemical fertilizers with organic and biological ones in transition to organic farming systems in saffron (Crocus sativus) cultivation. Chemosphere, 307, 135537. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chemosphere.2022.135537
Fallahi, H.R., Aghhavani-Shajari, M., Feizi, H., & Sahabi, H. (2017). Mother corm weight and soil amendment improve the vegetative and reproductive growth of saffron (Crocus sativus L.). Journal of Herbs, Spices & Medicinal Plants, 22(3), 110-114.
Fallahi, H. R., Abbasi Aval Bohlooli, S., Pahlavan, Z., Hosseini, S. M., Hosseini, S. A. H., & Ghohestani-Bojd, P. (2021). Saffron vegetative growth as affected by transplanting and direct corm planting under field conditions. Journal of Horticulture and Postharvest Research, 4(Special Issue-Recent Advances in Saffron), 1-10. https://doi.org/10.22077/jhpr.2020.3635.1160
Faloye, O.T., Alatise, M.O., Ajayi, A.E., & Ewulo, B.S. (2019). Effects of biochar and inorganic fertiliser applications on growth, yield and water use efficiency of maize under deficit irrigation. Agricultural Water Management, 217, 165-178. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.agwat.2019.02.044
Feli, A., Maleki Farahani, S., & Besharati, H. (2018). The impact of chemical urea fertilizer and different organic and biofertilizers on both quantitative and qualitative yield and some soil properties in cultivation of saffron (Crocus sativus L.). Crops Improvement, 20(2), 345-356. https://doi.org/10.22059/jci.2017.60472
Ghanbari, J., Khajoei-Nejad, G., van Ruth, S.M., & Aghighi, S. (2019). The possibility for improvement of flowering, corm properties, bioactive compounds, and antioxidant activity in saffron (Crocus sativus L.) by different nutritional regimes. Industrial Crops and Products, 135, 301-310. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.indcrop.2019.04.064
Gismondi, A., Serio, M., Canuti, L., & Canini, A. (2012). Biochemical, antioxidant and antineoplastic properties of Italian saffron (Crocus sativus L.). American Journal of Plant Sciences, 3(11), 1573-1580. http://dx.doi.org/10.4236/ajps.2012.311190
Gresta, F., Lombardo, G.M., Siracusa, L., & Ruberto, G. (2008). Saffron, an alternative crop for sustainable agricultural systems. A review. Agronomy for Sustainable Development, 28, 95-112.
Hosseinzadeh, S., Jafarikukhdan, A., Hosseini, A., & Armand, R. (2015). The application of medicinal plants in traditional and modern medicine: A review of Thymus vulgaris. International Journal of Clinical Medicine, 6, 635-642. https://doi.org/10.1051/agro:2007030
Janssen, B.H. (1993). Integrated nutrient management: the use of organic and mineral fertilizers. In The role of plant nutrients for sustainable crop production in Sub-saharan Africa (van Reuler, H., & Prins, W.H. eds). Wageningen, Netherlands: Ponsen and Looijen Publisher, 89-105.
Kawalekar, S.J. (2013). Role of biofertilizers and biopesticides for sustainable agriculture. Journal of Bio Innovation, 2, 73-78.
Khorramdel, S., Eskandari Nasrabadi, S., & Mahmoodi, G. (2015). Evaluation of mother corm weights and foliar fertilizer levels on saffron (Crocus sativus L.) growth and yield components. Journal of Applied Research on Medicinal and Aromatic Plants, 2(1), 9-14. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jarmap.2015.01.002
Kirmani, N.A., Sofi, J.A., Chesti, M.H., Mir, I.A., Irshad, I., Fayaz, S., & Mir, W.J. (2022). Soil classification, nutrient management and land cover of saffron growing areas of Kashmir valley. In The saffron genome. Compendium of plant genomes (Vakhlu, J., Ambardar, S., Salami, S.A., & Kole, C. eds). Cham, Switzerland: Springer Publishing Company, 97-111.
Koocheki, A., & Seyyedi, S.M. (2015). Relationship between nitrogen and phosphorus use efficiency in saffron (Crocus sativus L.) as affected by mother corm size and fertilization. Industrial Crops and Products, 71, 128-137. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.indcrop.2015.03.085
Koocheki, A., & Seyyedi, S.M. (2020). Nutrition management and farm’s age affect saffron daughter corms behavior, nutrients uptake and economic water and fertilizer use efficiency: A large scale on-farm experiment in Torbat Heydarieh, Iran. Communications in Soil Science and Plant Analysis, 51(9), 1161-1183. https://doi.org/10.1080/00103624.2020.1751191
Koocheki, A., Seyyedi, S.M., & Jamshid Eyni, M. (2014). Irrigation levels and dense planting affect flower yield and phosphorus concentration of saffron corms under semi-arid region of Mashhad, Northeast Iran. Scientia Horticulturae, 180, 147-155. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scienta.2014.10.031
Lage, M., & Cantrell, C.L. (2009). Quantification of saffron (Crocus sativus L.) metabolites crocins, picrocrocin and safranal for quality determination of the spice grown under different environmental Moroccan conditions. Scientia Horticulturae, 121, 366-373. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scienta.2009.02.017
Leone, S., Recinella, L., Chiavaroli, A., Orlando, G., Ferrante, C., Leporini, L., Brunetti, L., & Menghini, L. (2018). Phytotherapic use of the Crocus sativus L. (saffron) and its potential applications: A brief overview. Phytotherapy Research, 32, 2364-2375. https://doi.org/10.1002/ptr.6181
Midya, A., Saren, B.K., Dey, J.K., Maitra, S., Praharaj, S., Gaikwad, D.J., Gaber, A., Alsanie, W.F., & Hossain, A. (2021). Crop establishment methods and integrated nutrient management improve: Part I. Crop performance, water productivity and profitability of rice (Oryza sativa L.) in the Lower Indo-Gangetic Plain, India. Agronomy, 11, 1860. https://doi.org/10.3390/agronomy11091860
Nazari, N., & Feizi, H. (2021). Magnetic fields and titanium dioxide nanoparticles promote saffron performance: A greenhouse experiment. Journal of Horticulture and Postharvest Research, 4(Special Issue-Recent Advances in Saffron), 33-42. https://doi.org/10.22077/jhpr.2021.3886.1182
Nourihoseini, S.M., Khorassani, R., Astaraei, A.R., Rezvani Moghadam, P., & Zabihi, H.R. (2016). Effect of different fertilizer resources and humic acid on some morphological criteria, yield and antioxidant activity of black zira seed (Bunium persicum Boiss.). Applied Field Crops Research, 29(4), 87-104. https://doi.org/10.22092/aj.2017.110251.1150
Omidbaigi, R. (2000). Approaches to Production and Processing of Medicinal Plants (Vol. 2). Tehran, Iran: Tarahan Nashr Publications.
Rasouli, Z., Maleki Farahani, S., & Besharati, H. (2014). Saffron underground organs as affected by organic, biological, and chemical fertilizers. Iranian Journal of Soil Research, 28(2), 295-312. https://doi.org/10.22092/ijsr.2014.120355
Renau-Morata, B., Nebauer, S.G., Sánchez, M., & Molina, R.V. (2012). Effect of corm size, water stress and cultivation conditions on photosynthesis and biomass partitioning during the vegetative growth of saffron (Crocus sativus L.). Industrial Crops and Products, 39, 40-46. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.indcrop.2012.02.009
Reynolds, J.F. (2017). Desertification. In Encyclopedia of Biodiversity (Levin, S.A. eds). Massachusetts, USA: Academic Press, 479-494.
Rockström, J., Karlberg, L., Wani, S.P., Barron, J., Hatibu, N., Oweis, T., Bruggeman, A., Farahani, J., & Qiang, Z. (2010). Managing water in rainfed agriculture-The need for a paradigm shift. Agricultural Water Management, 97, 543-550. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.agwat.2009.09.009
Roy, M., Karmakar, S., Debsarcar, A., Sen, P.K., & Mukherjee, J. (2013). Application of rural slaughterhouse waste as an organic fertilizer for pot cultivation of solanaceous vegetables in India. International Journal of Recycling of Organic Waste in Agriculture, 2, 6. https://doi.org/10.1186/2251-7715-2-6
Saeidi Aboueshaghi, R., Omidi, H., & Bostani, A. (2022). Effect of chicken manure and chemical fertilizers on some morphological characteristics and flowers production and replacement corm of saffron (Crocus sativus L.) under irrigation regimes. Saffron Agronomy and Technology, 10(1), 19-39. https://doi.org/10.22048/jsat.2022.300362.1436
Salehi, A., Fallah, S., Iranipour, R., & Abasi Surki, A. (2014). Effect of application time of integrated chemical fertilizer with cattle manure on the growth, yield and yield components of black cumin (Nigella sativa L.). Journal of Agroecology, 6(3), 495-507. https://doi.org/10.22067/jag.v6i3.21290
Sarfraz, M., Khaliq, A., Tahir, M.M., Iqbal, M.A., Rehman, Z., & Shan, Q. (2023a). Saffron spice quality in response to integrated nutrient management under lesser Himalayan conditions of Rawalakot Azad Jammu & Kashmir. Journal of Plant Nutrition, 47(1), 18-29. https://doi.org/10.1080/01904167.2023.2254322
Sarfraz, M., Khaliq, A., Tahir, M.M., & Sarwar, S. (2023b). Organo-mineral fertilization regimes trigger growth and stigma yield of temperate saffron (Crocus sativus L.). Bragantia, 82, e20220118. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/1678-4499.20220118
SAS. (2008). Statistical Analysis System. Version 9.1, SAS Institute Inc., Cary, NC, USA.
Scherer, T.F., Seelig, B., & Franzen, D. (1996). Soil, Water and Plant Characteristics Important to Irrigation. Washington, DC, USA: NRCS Publications.
Selim, M.M. (2020). Introduction to the integrated nutrient management strategies and their contribution to yield and soil properties. International Journal of Agronomy, 1-14. https://doi.org/10.1155/2020/2821678
Singh, R., Singh, P., Singh, H., & Raghubanshi, A.S. (2019). Impact of sole and combined application of biochar, organic and chemical fertilizers on wheat crop yield and water productivity in a dry tropical agro‑ecosystem. Biochar, 1, 229-235. https://doi.org/10.1007/s42773-019-00013-6
Siracusa, L., Gresta, F., & Ruberto, G. (2011). Saffron (Crocus sativus L.) apocarotenoids: A review of their biomolecular features and biological activity perspectives. In Carotenoids: Properties, Effects and Diseases (Yamaguchi, M. eds). UK: Nova Science Publishers, Inc, 1-33.
Tareen, N.M., Saeed-ur-Rehman, M.A., Shinwari, Z.K., & Bibi, T. (2016). Ethnomedicinal utilization of wild edible vegetables in district Harnai of Balochistan province, Pakistan. Pakistan Journal of Botany, 48(3): 1159-1171.
Tejada, M., Gómez, I., Fernández-Boy, E., & Díaz, M.J. (2014). Effects of sewage sludge and Acacia dealbata composts on soil biochemical and chemical properties. Communications in Soil Science and Plant Analysis, 45, 570-580. https://doi.org/10.1080/00103624.2013.874017
Temperini, O., Rea, R., Temperini, A., Colla, G., & Rouphael, Y. (2009). Evaluation of saffron (Crocus sativus L.) production in Italy: Effects of the age of saffron fields and plant density. Journal of Food, Agriculture and Environment, 7, 19-23.
Turhan, H., Kahriman, F., Egesel, C.O., & Gul, M.K. (2007). The effects of different growing media on flowering and corm formation of saffron (Crocus sativus L.). African Journal of Biotechnology, 6(20), 2328-2332. https://doi.org/10.5897/AJB2007.000-2365
)