Growth trend and tolerance of Swingle citrumelo in Mazandaran calcareous soils, Iran

Asadi Kangarshahi, Ali; Akhlaghi Amiri, Negin

doi:10.22077/jhpr.2020.3801.1175

Document Type : Original Article

Authors

¹ Soil and Water Research Department, Mazandaran Agricultural and Natural Resources Research and Education Center, AREEO, Sari, Iran

² Horticulture Crops Research Department, Mazandaran Agricultural and Natural Resources Research and Education Center, AREEO, Sari, Iran

https://doi.org/10.22077/jhpr.2020.3801.1175

Abstract

Purpose: In this study, the response of Miyagawa Satsuma mandarin (Citrus unshiu) on Swingle citrumelo rootstock to calcareous soils of the east of Mazandaran in Iran was investigated. Research method: The experiment was done by seven soils with different calcium carbonate (2-45%) for two years. Findings: Soils with 14% total lime and 5% active lime had the highest shoot dry weight. Soils with 30 and 45% total lime, and 14 and 16% active lime had the highest chlorosis and soils with no lime or 3% active lime and 2 to 9% total lime had the least chlorosis. Soils with 2 and 9% total lime had the highest Fe concentration in root and the least chlorosis. Fe concentration in the roots was about 7.5 times that of the leaves, which show Fe accumulation and inactivation in the root. Mn concentration in leaves in most soils was lower than optimum, while available Mn in most soils was more than optimum (2.5 mg kg^-1). Mn concentration at the roots was about 3.2 times of that in the leaves. In contrast, although available Zn of some soils was lower than optimum, in most soils the Zn concentration of leaves was in the optimum range. Research limitations: No limitations were founded. Originality/Value: Mn, due to low uptake and transmission efficiency from roots to shoots and severe deficiency in leaves is the most limiting microelement in this rootstock-scion combination. According to this research, Swingle citrumelo rootstock is appropriate in soils with total and active lime less than 14% and 5%, respectively.

Keywords

Main Subjects

Plant Nutrition

References

Albrecht, U., Alferez, F., & Zekri, M. (2018). Rootstock and scion selection. Florida Citrus Production Guide, University of Florida Publications.

Ammari, T., & Mengel, K. (2006). Total soluble Fe in soil solution of chemically different soils. Geoderma, 136, 876-885. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.geoderma.2006.06.013

Asadi Kangarshahi, A., & Akhlaghi Amiri, N. (Ed.). (2014a). Advanced and applied citrus nutrition (1). Tehran: Education and Agricultural Promotion Publications.

Asadi Kangarshahi, A., & Akhlaghi Amiri, N. (Ed.). (2014b). Advanced and applied citrus nutrition (2). Tehran: Education and Agricultural Promotion Publications.

Asadi Kangarshahi, A., & Akhlaghi Amiri, N. (Ed.). (2018). Establishment of sustainable citrus orchard. Tehran: Education and Agricultural Promotion Publications.

Asadi Kangarshahi, A., & Akhlaghi Amiri, N. (2020). Evaluation of growth rate and vegetative and physiological characteristics of Satsuma mandarin on C-35 rootstock in some calcareous soils. Journal of Soil Research, 34(2), 215-234.

Asadi Kangarshahi, A., & Malakouti, M.J. (2007). Effect of Zn application on growth and Zn absorption and concentration in soybean. Iranian Journal of Agricultural Science, 38(2), 321-328.

Asadi Kangarshahi, A., Akhlaghi Amiri, N., & Malakouti, M.J. (2011). Effect of 4 years using of Zn on yield and quality of Sangin orange. Iranian Journal of Soil and Water Research, 42(1), 77-86.

Asadi Kangarshahi, A., Malakouti, M.J., & Charati, A. (2006). Mn calibration under field condition and its role in yield of soybean. Iranian Journal of Agricultural Science, 37(5), 869-845.

Bashour, I., & Sayegh, A. A. (Ed.). (2007). Methods of analysis for soils of arid and semi-arid regions. Rome: Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations.

Byrne, D. H., Rouse, R. E., & Sudahono, D. H. (1995). Tolerance to citrus rootstocks to lime induced iron chlorosis. Subtropical Plant Science, 47, 7-11.

Castle, B., & Stover, E. (2001). Update on use of Swingle citrumelo rootstock. Florida: Institute of Food and Agricultural Sciences.

Castle, W. S., & Nunnallee, J. (2009). Screening citrus rootstocks and related selections in soil and solution culture for tolerance to low-iron stress. Horticultural Science, 44, 638-645. https://doi.org/10.21273/hortsci.44.3.638

Chen, Y., & Barak, P. (1982). Iron nutrition of plants in calcareous soils. Advances in Agronomy, 35, 217-240. https://doi.org/10.1016/s0065-2113(08)60326-0

Davies, F. S., & Albrigo, L. G. (1994). Citrus. Wallingford: CAB International.

Donnini, S., Castagna, A., Ranieri, A., & Zocchi, G. (2009). Differential responses in pear and quince genotypes induced by Fe deficiency and bicarbonate. Journal of Plant Physiology, 166, 1181-1193. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jplph.2009.01.007

Embleton, T. W., Jones, W. W., Labanauskas, C. K., & Reuther, W. (1973). Leaf analysis as a diagnostic tool and guide to fertilization. In The Citrus Industry (Reuther W ed.). University of California Press, California, USA, 3, 183-210.

Fu, L., Chai, L., Ding, D., Pan, Zh., & Peng, Sh. (2016). A novel citrus rootstock tolerance to iron deficiency in calcareous soil. Journal of the American Society for Horticultural Science, 141(2), 112-118. https://doi.org/10.21273/JASHS.141.2.112

Gee, G. W., & Bauder, J. W. (1986). Particle size analysis. In Methods of Soil Analysis, Part1. (Klute A ed.). SSSA, Madison, WI. 383-411. https://doi.org/10.17660/actahortic.2000.531.15

Katyal, J. C., & Sharma, B. D. (1980). A new technique of plant analysis to resolve iron
chlorosis. Plant and Soil, 55, 105-119. https://doi.org/10.1007/bf02149714

Kosegarten, H., Hoffman, B., Rroco, E., Grolig, F., Gluesenkamp, K., & Mengel, K.
(2004). Apoplastic pH and FeIII reduction in young sunflower (Helianthus annuus) roots. Physiologia Plantarum, 122, 95-106. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1399-3054.2004.00377.x

Kosegarten, H., Hoffmann, B., & Mengel, K. (1999). Apoplastic pH and Fe³⁺ reduction in intact sunflower leaves. Plant Physiology, 121, 1069-1079. https://doi.org/10.1104/pp.121.4.1069

Levy, Y., & Shalheret, J. (1990). Ranking the salt tolerance of citrus rootstocks by juice
analysis. Scientia Horticulturae, 45, 89-98. https://doi.org/10.1016/0304-4238(90)90071-l

Lindsay, W. L., & Norvel, W. A. (1978). Development of a DTPA soil test for zinc,
iron, manganese and copper. Soil Science Society of America Journal, 42, 421-428. https://doi.org/10.2136/sssaj1978.03615995004200030009x

Loeppert, R. H., Wei, L. C., & Ocumpaugh, W. R. (1994). Soil factors influencing the
mobilization of iron in calcareous soils. In Biochemistry of Metal Micronutrients in the Rhizosphere (Manthey J A, Crowley D A and Luster D G eds.). Lewis Publishers, Boca Raton, United States, 343-360.

Louzada, E. S., Del Rio, H. S., Setamou, M., Watson, J. W., & Swietlik, D. M. (2008). Evaluation of citrus rootstocks for the high pH, calcareous soils of South Texas. Euhytica, 164, 13-18. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10681-008-9701-x

Manthey, J. A., McCoy, D. L., & Crowley, D. E. (1994). Stimulation of rhizosphere iron
reduction and uptake in response to iron deficiency in citrus rootstocks. Plant Physiology Biochemistry, 32, 211- 215.

Marchal, J. (1984). Citrus. In Plant analysis as a guide to the nutrient requirements of temperate and tropical crops (Martin-Prevel P, Gagnard J and Gautier P eds.). Lavoisier Publishing INC, New York, USA, 320-354.

Martinez Cuenca, M. R., Primo Capella, A., Quinones, A., Bermejo, A., & Forner Giner, M. A. (2017). Rootstock influence on iron uptake responses in citrus leaves and their regulation under the Fe paradox effect. Peer Reviewed Journal, 5, 1-25. https://doi.org/10.7717/peerj.3553

Mclean, E. O. (1982). Soil pH and lime requirement. In Methods of soil analysis, Part 2 (Page A L ed.). Madison publisher, Wisconsin, USA, 199- 224. https://doi.org/10.2134/agronmonogr9.2.2ed.c12

Mengel, K., & Kirkby, E. (Ed.). (2001). Principles of plant nutrition, 5^th edition. Dordrecht, the Netherlands: Kluwer Academic Publisher.

Mengel, K. (1995). Iron availability in plant tissues-iron chlorosis in calcareous soils. In Iron Nutrition in Soils and Plant (Abadia J ed.). Kluwer Academic Publishers, Dordrecht, the Netherlands, 389-397. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-94-011-0503-3_53

Mortvedt, J. J., Cox, F. R., Shuman, L. M., & Welch, R. M. (Ed.). (1991). Micronutrients in Agriculture. Wisconsin, USA: SSSA Book Series, Soil Science Society of America, Madison publisher.

Neaman, A., & Aguirre, L. (2007). Comparison of different methods for diagnosis of iron deficiency in avocado. Journal Plant Nutrition, 30, 1098-1108. https://doi.org/10.1080/01904160701394550

Nelson, D. W., & Sommers, L. E. (1982). Total carbon, organic carbon, and organic
matter. In Methods of Soil Analysis, Part 2 (Page A L ed.). Soil Science Society of America, Madison publisher, Wisconsin, USA.

Olsen, S. R., & Sommers, L. E. (1982). Phosphorus. In Methods of Soil Analysis, Part 2 (Page A L Ed.). Soil Science Society of America, Madison Publisher, Wisconsin, USA, 403-430.

Pestana, M., David, M., de Varennes, A., Abadia, J., & Faria, E. A. (2001). Responses of Newhall orange trees to iron deficiency in hydroponics: effects on leaf chlorophyll, photosynthetic efficiency and root ferric chelate reductase activity. Journal of Plant Nutrition, 24, 1609-1620. https://doi.org/10.1081/pln-100106024

Pestana, M., Varrnnes, A., Abadia, J., & Araujo Faria, E. (2005). Differential tolerance to iron deficiency of citrus rootstocks grown in nutrient solution. Scientia Horticulturae, 104, 25-36. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scienta.2004.07.007

Qrtiz, P. R., Meza, B. J. C., Garza Requena, F. R., Flores, G. M., & Etchevers Barra, J. D. (2007). Evaluation of different iron compound in chlorotic Italian lemon. Plant Physiology and Biochemistry, 45, 330-334. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.plaphy.2007.03.015

Sudahono, Byrne, D. H., & Rouse, R. E. (1994). Greenhouse screening of citrus rootstocks for tolerance to bicarbonate-induced iron chlorosis. Horticultural Science, 29, 113-116. https://doi.org/10.21273/hortsci.29.2.113

Wright, G. C., Tilt, P. A., & Pena, M. A. (1999). Results of scion and rootstock trials for
citrus in Arizona. Final report for project 98-12. University of Arizona, College of
Agriculture.

Wutscher, H. K., Maxwell, N. P., & Shull, A. V. (1975). Performance of nucellar
grapefruit (Citrus Paradisi Macf.) on 13 rootstocks in south Texas. Journal of the
American Society for Horticultural Science, 100, 48-51.

Yang, L., Li, G., Lin, Q., & Zhao, X. (2010). Active carbonate of chestnut soils in
different lands. Ecology Environmental Science, 19, 428-432.

Journal of Horticulture and Postharvest Research

Growth trend and tolerance of Swingle citrumelo in Mazandaran calcareous soils, Iran

References

References

Volume 4, Special Issue - Plant Nutrition in Horticulture - Serial Number 12
July 2021
July 2021
Pages 35-48

Growth trend and tolerance of Swingle citrumelo in Mazandaran calcareous soils, Iran

References

References

Volume 4, Special Issue - Plant Nutrition in Horticulture - Serial Number 12July 2021July 2021Pages 35-48

Volume 4, Special Issue - Plant Nutrition in Horticulture - Serial Number 12
July 2021
July 2021
Pages 35-48